<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая практика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-3095</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">567849</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinpract567849</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Drainage methods in patients with unformed intestinal fistulas during the preparation to the surgical treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Методы дренирования у пациентов с несформированными кишечными свищами при подготовке к хирургическому лечению</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1543-6419</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8633-9555</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhtanin</surname><given-names>Evgeny A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахтанин</surname><given-names>Евгений Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Research Associate</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., н.с.</p></bio><email>ahtanin.evgenii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-5676</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6808-9492</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markov</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марков</surname><given-names>Павел Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>pvmarkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9526-4604</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9228-4380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goev</surname><given-names>Aleksander A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гоев</surname><given-names>Александр Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Junior Research Associate</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., м.н.с.</p></bio><email>a_goev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1555-1596</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4996-7802</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Struchkov</surname><given-names>Vladimir Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стручков</surname><given-names>Владимир Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Junior Research Associate</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., м.н.с.</p></bio><email>doc.struchkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-1631</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3837-7010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Martirosyan</surname><given-names>Tigran A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартиросян</surname><given-names>Тигран Арташесович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>robatik2015@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5109-0056</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3124-3532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shukurov</surname><given-names>Komildzhon U.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шукуров</surname><given-names>Комилджон Усмонович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>shukurovku@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Surgery named after A. Vishnevsky</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр хирургии имени А.В. Вишневского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-01-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-30"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-13"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/567849">https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/567849</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study is to analyze the data of the modern foreign and domestic literature on intestinal fistulas, including high unformed small intestinal fistulas, their classification, treatment methods, drainage methods, their types and effectiveness. Research method: the search in the elibrary, CyberLeninka, PubMed and SpringerLink databases. Intestinal fistulas, often found in the surgical practice, appear due to a number of reasons (errors in the surgical technique and conservative treatment, tactical errors, the presence of severe concomitant diseases, etc.) and present a high-risk factor for death. Clinically, intestinal fistulas can differ depending on their localization, etiology, morphology, function, complications, etc., that causes certain difficulties in choosing the treatment method and reduces its success. Special attention is paid to high unformed small intestinal fistulas, which are accompanied by pronounced impairment of the body's homeostasis system, on the one hand, and the need for a multi-stage treatment, on the other hand. The treatment regimen for high unformed small intestinal fistulas includes both conservative and surgical approaches. The conservative method of treatment includes an intensive infusion therapy, control of the source of infectious complications, reduction of irretrievable losses, nutritional therapy, and a local treatment, which consists in protecting the tissues from the aggressive intestinal content and various methods of adequate drainage of the wound. The drainage methods used for intestinal fistulas differ depending on the principle of their operation, the surgical drain material, the configuration of the wound, the fistula morphology, the number of fistulas, etc. Active and vacuum methods seem to be used most frequently and efficiently in the local treatment of high unformed small intestinal fistulas. So far, according to the (very limited) modern literature, there has been a diversity in the effectiveness of the drainage treatment approaches in patients with high unformed small intestinal fistulas, thus, further studies are needed to study and evaluate their pathogenetic role and effectiveness.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Анализ современной отечественной и зарубежной литературы по лечению высоких несформированных тонкокишечных свищей выполнен на базе данных научной библиотеки eLibrary, КиберЛенинка, PubMed и SpringerLink. Кишечные свищи, нередко встречающиеся в хирургической практике, являются следствием ряда причин (ошибки оперативной техники и консервативного лечения, тактические ошибки, наличие тяжёлых сопутствующих заболеваний, и др.) и фактором высокого риска летального исхода. Клинически кишечные свищи различаются в зависимости от локализации, этиологии, морфологии, функции, осложнений и других факторов, обуславливающих трудности в выборе метода лечения и снижение его успешности. Особое внимание уделяется высоким несформированным тонкокишечным свищам, которые сопровождаются выраженным нарушением системы гомеостаза организма, с одной стороны, и необходимостью многоэтапного лечения — с другой. В схему терапии высоких несформированных тонкокишечных свищей входит консервативное и оперативное лечение. К консервативным методам относят интенсивную инфузионную терапию, контроль источника инфекционных осложнений, сокращение безвозвратных потерь, нутритивную терапию и местное лечение, которое заключается в защите тканей от агрессивного кишечного содержимого и различных способах адекватного дренирования раны. Дренирующие методы, применяемые при кишечных свищах, различны в зависимости от принципа их работы, материала дренажей, конфигурации раны, морфологии свища, количества свищей и т.д. Активные и вакуумные способы — наиболее используемые и эффективные методы в местном лечении высоких несформированных тонкокишечных свищей. С нашей точки зрения, лучшим способом дренирования являются методы, восстанавливающие пассаж по кишечному тракту: использование обтураторов, приводяще-отводящее дренирование (протезирование пассажа и использование кишечных стентов, изготовленных на 3D-принтере). Однако этот способ дренирования, к сожалению, возможен далеко не всегда. Требуются дальнейшие исследования и разработки эффективных методов дренирующего лечения пациентов с высокими несформированными тонкокишенчными свищами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intestine</kwd><kwd>fistula</kwd><kwd>drainage</kwd><kwd>vacuum</kwd><kwd>stoma</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кишечник</kwd><kwd>свищ</kwd><kwd>дренирование</kwd><kwd>вакуумный способ</kwd><kwd>стома</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Белоконев В.И., Пушкин С.Ю., Ковалева З.В., и др. Способы лечения пациентов с послеоперационными вентральными грыжами и сформированными свищами кишечника // Новости хирургии. 2022. Т. 30, № 1. С. 28–37. [Belokonev VI, Pushkin SYu, Kovaleva ZV, et al. Treatment methods of patients with postoperative ventral hernias and created intestinal fistulas. Surgery news. 2022;30(1):28–37. (In Russ).] doi: 10.18484/2305-0047.2022.1.28</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Нартайлаков М.А., Грицаенко А.И., Иштуков Р.Р., и др. Актуальные вопросы диагностики и лечения свищей тонкой кишки // Медицинский вестник Башкортостана. 2013. Т. 8, № 2. С. 340–341. [Nartailakov MA, Gritsaenko AI, Ishtukov RR, et al. Topical issues of diagnosis and treatment of small intestine fistulas. Med Bulletin Bashkortostan. 2013;8(2):340–341. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Строкова Р.А. Современные методы лечения послеоперационных высоких тонкокишечных свищей // Бюллетень медицинских интернет-конференций. 2020. Т. 10, № 3. С. 122. [Strokova RA. Modern methods of treatment of postoperative high intestinal fistulas. Bulletin Med Internet Conferences. 2020;10(3):122. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Williams LJ, Zolfaghari S, Boushey RP. Complications of enterocutaneous fistulas and their management. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2010;23(3):209–220. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1263062</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Krishnamurty DM, Blatnik J, Mutch M. Stoma complications. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2017;30(3):193–200. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1598160</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Petrenko TF, Andreev OV, Shilov AB, et al. The treatment of unformed intestinal fistulae. Khirurgiia (Mosk). 1992;(2):67–70. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Ghimire P. Management of enterocutaneous fistula: A review. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022;60(245):93–100. doi: 10.31729/jnma.5780</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Демко А.Е., Батыршин И.М., Остроумова Ю.С., и др. Применение отрицательного давления в лечении пациентов с несформированными кишечными свищами // Тихоокеанский медицинский журнал. 2020. Т. 3, № 81. С. 90–92. [Demko AE, Batyrshin IM, Ostroumova YS, et al. The use of negative pressure in the treatment of patients with unformed intestinal fistulas. Pacific Med J. 2020;3(81):90–92. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Lloyd DA, Gabe SM, Windsor AC. Nutrition and management of enterocutaneous fistula. Br J Surg. 2006;93(9):1045–1055. doi: 10.1002/bjs.5396</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Irving M. Local and surgical management of enterocutaneous fistulas. Br J Surg. 1977;64(10):690–694. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800641003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Ribeiro-Junior MA, Yeh DD, Augusto SS, et al. The role of fistuloclysis in the treatment of patients with enteroatmospheric fistulas. Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2021;34(2):e1605. doi: 10.1590/0102-672020210002e1605</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Rodríguez Cano AM. [Nutrition therapy in enterocutaneous fistula; from physiology to individualized treatment. (In Spanish)]. Nutr Hosp. 2014;29(1):37–49. doi: 10.3305/nh.2014.29.1.6891</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>D’Assuncao MA, Mota FL, de Oliveira FJ, et al. Successful treatment of a persistent duodenal fistula using the Amplatzer septal occluder. Endoscopy. 2021;53(8):E311–E312. doi: 10.1055/a-1253-8101</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Jaguścik R, Walczak DA, Porzeżyńska J, Trzeciak PW. The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in the management of enteroatmospheric fistula: Case report and literature review. Pol Przegl Chir. 2015;87(10):522–527. doi: 10.1515/pjs-2015-0098</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Giudicelli G, Rossetti A, Scarpa C, et al. Prognostic factors for enteroatmospheric fistula in open abdomen treated with negative pressure wound therapy: A multicentre experience. J Gastrointest Surg. 2017;21(8):1328–1334. doi: 10.1007/s11605-017-3453-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Колченогов П.Д. Наружные кишечные свищи и их лечение. Москва: Медицина, 1964. 235 с. [Kolchenogov PD. External intestinal fistulas and their treatment. Moscow: Medicine; 1964. 235 p. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Богницкая Т.Н. Наружные кишечные свищи при острых хирургических заболеваниях брюшной полости: клинико-экспериментальное исследование: Автореф. дис. ... д-ра мед. наук: 14.00.27; Всесоюз. науч.-исслед. ин-т клинич. и эксперим. хирургии. Москва, 1977. 36 с. [Bognitskaya TN. External intestinal fistulas in acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity: Clinical and experimental study: 14.00.27; All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery [dissertation abstract]. Moscow; 1977. 36 р. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Козлов И.З., Андросова Т.П. Кишечные свищи. В кн.: Наружные и внутренние свищи в хирургической клинике / под ред. Э.Н. Ванцяна. Москва: Медицина, 1990. С. 132–174. [Kozlov IZ, Androsova TP. Intestinal fistulas. In: External and internal fistulas in surgical clinic. Ed. by E.N. Vantsyan. Moscow: Medicine; 1990. Р. 132–174. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Вицын Б.А., Благитко Е.М. Сформированные и несформированные наружные кишечные свищи. Новосибирск: Наука, 1983. 144 с. [Vitsyn BA, Blagitko EM. Formed and unformed external intestinal fistulas. Novosibirsk: Nauka; 1983. 144 р. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Макаренко Т.П., Богданов А.В. Свищи желудочно-кишечного тракта. Москва: Медицина, 1986. 142 с. [Makarenko TP, Bogdanov AV. Fistulas of gastrointestinal tract. Moscow: Medicine; 1986. 142 р. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Каншин Н.Н. Несформированные кишечные свищи и гнойный перитонит: хирургическое лечение. Москва, 2007. 157 с. [Kanshin NN. Unformed intestinal fistulas and purulent peritonitis: Surgical treatment. Moscow; 2007. 157 р. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Saleem A, Farsi A. Unusual techniques in the management of enteroatmospheric fistula. Report of a case. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2020;(75):292–296. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.09.024</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Gross DJ, Smith MC, Zangbar-Sabegh B, et al. Challenge of uncontrolled enteroatmospheric fistulas. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2019;4(1):e000381. doi: 10.1136/tsaco-2019-000381</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Eğin S, Gökçek B, Yeşiltaş M, et al. Management of enteroatmospheric fistula thanks to new isolation technique. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2019;25(1):80–82. doi: 10.5505/tjtes.2018.45267</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Zubair O, Slater K. Enteroatmospheric fistula repair in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV: A novel management technique using ABRA device. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(9):e234670. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-234670</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Sermoneta D. Combined management of open abdomen with enteroatmospheric fistula by negative pressure instill wound therapy and dermal matrix wound dressing. Ann Ital Chir. 2021;(10):S2239253X21036367.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Miranda LE, Miranda AC. Enteroatmospheric fistula management by endoscopic gastrostomy PEG tube. Int Wound J. 2017; 14(6):915–917. doi: 10.1111/iwj.12726</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Pandit N, Jaiswal LS. Extreme small bowel enteroatmospheric fistula. Indian J Surg. 2018;80(1):96–97. doi: 10.1007/s12262-017-1719-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Tatsuta K, Oshima T, Ishimatsu H, et al. The successful management for long-term intractable enteroatmospheric fistula: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2020;(57):253–256. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.044</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Farooqi N, Tuma F. Intestinal fistula. 2022 Jul 18. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Cowan KB, Cassaro S. Enterocutaneous fistula. 2021 Aug 11. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Haapamäki MM. How to isolate an enteroatmospheric fistula in the open abdomen: A video vignette. Colorectal Dis. 2021; 23(9):2480–2482. doi: 10.1111/codi.15759</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Gribovskaja-Rupp I, Melton GB. Enterocutaneous fistula: Proven strategies and updates. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2016;29(2): 130–137. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1580732</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Huang J, Ren H, Jiang Y, et al. Technique advances in enteroatmospheric fistula isolation after open abdomen: A review and outlook. Front Surg. 2021;(7):559443. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2020.559443</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Ozer MT, Sinan H, Zeybek N, Peker Y. A simple novel technique for enteroatmospheric fistulae: Silicone fistula plug. Int Wound J. 2014;11(Suppl 1):22–24. doi: 10.1111/iwj.12308</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Coccolini F, Ceresoli M, Kluger Y, Kirkpatrick A. Open abdomen and enteroatmospheric fistulae: An interim analysis from the International Register of Open Abdomen (IROA). Injury. 2019; 50(1):160–166. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.09.040</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Terzi C, Egeli T, Canda AE, Arslan NC. Management of enteroatmospheric fistulae. Int Wound J. 2014;11(Suppl 1): 17–21. doi: 10.1111/iwj.12288</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Bittner R, Bingener-Casey J, Dietz U, Fabian M. International endohernia society (IEHS). Guidelines for laparoscopic treatment of ventral and incisional abdominal wall hernias (International Endohernia Society (IEHS): Part 1. Surg Endosc. 2014;28(1):2–29. doi: 10.1007/s00464-013-3170-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Winder JS, Pauli EM. Comprehensive management of full-thickness luminal defects: The next frontier of gastrointestinal endoscopy. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;7(8):758–768. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i8.758</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Paradiso FV, Nanni L, Merli L, et al. Vacuum assisted closure for the treatment of complex wounds and enterocutaneous fistulas in full term and premature neonates: A case report. Ital J Pediatr. 2016;(42):2. doi: 10.1186/s13052-016-0210-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Tuma F, Crespi Z, Wolff CJ, et al. Enterocutaneous fistula: A simplified clinical approach. Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7789. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7789</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Gold SL, Cohen-Mekelburg S, Schneider Y, Steinlauf A. Perianal fistulas in patients with crohn’s disease, part 1: Current medical management. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2018;14(8):470–481.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Баранов А.И., Лещишин Я.М., Атаманов К.В., и др. Лапаростомия: история развития и технические аспекты выполнения // Сибирское медицинское обозрение. 2018. № 3. C. 34–42. [Baranov AI, Leshchishin YM, Atamanov KV, et al. Laparostomy: History of development and technical aspects of implementation. Siberian Med Rev. 2018;(3):34–42. (In Russ).] doi: 10.20333/2500136-2018-3-34-42</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Ashkenazi I, Turégano-Fuentes F, Olsha O, Alfici R. Treatment options in gastrointestinal cutaneous fistulas. Surg J (N Y). 2017;3(1):e25–e31. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1599273</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Han X, Xu Z, Cao S, et al. The effect of somatostatin analogues on postoperative outcomes following pancreatic surgery: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0188928. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188928</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Singer P, Blaser AR, Berger MM, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(1):48–79. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.037</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Picot D, Layec S, Seynhaeve E, et al. Chyme reinfusion in intestinal failure related to temporary double enterostomies and enteroatmospheric fistulas. Nutrients. 2020;12(5):1376. doi: 10.3390/nu12051376</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Tang QQ, Hong ZW, Ren HJ, et al. Nutritional management of patients with enterocutaneous fistulas: Practice and progression. Front Nutr. 2020;(7):564379. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.564379</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Badrasawi M, Shahar S, Sagap I. Nutritional management in enterocutaneous fistula. What is the evidence? Malays J Med Sci. 2015;22(4):6–16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, Annane D. Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines committee including the pediatric subgroup. Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock-2012. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(2):580–637. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827e83af</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Stevens P. Vacuum-assisted closure of laparostomy wounds: A critical review of the literature. Int Wound J. 2009;6(4): 259–266. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-481X.2009.00614.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Adaba F, Vaizey CJ, Warusavitarne J. Management of intestinal failure: The high-output enterostomy and enterocutaneous fistula. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2017;30(3):215–222. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1598163</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Bobkiewicz A, Walczak D, Smoliński S, Kasprzyk T. Management of enteroatmospheric fistula with negative pressure wound therapy in open abdomen treatment: A multicentre observational study. Int Wound J. 2017;14(1):255–264. doi: 10.1111/iwj.12597</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Di Saverio S, Tarasconi A, Inaba K, Navsaria P. Open abdomen with concomitant enteroatmospheric fistula: Attempt to rationalize the approach to a surgical nightmare and proposal of a clinical algorithm. J Am Coll Surg. 2015;220(3):e23–33. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.11.020</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Кригер А.Г., Кубышкин В.А., Берелавичус С.В., и др. Хирургическое лечение больных с тонкокишечными свищами // Хирургия. 2015. № 12. С. 86–95. [Krieger AG, Kubyshkin VA, Berelavichus SV, et al. Surgical treatment of patients with small intestinal fistulas. Surgery. 2015;(12):86–95. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Берелавичус С.В., Стручков В.Ю., Ахтанин Е.А. Хирургия. Консервативный этап лечения больных с тонкокишечными свищами // Хирургия. 2020. № 6. С. 98–103. [Berelavichus SV, Struchkov VY, Akhtanin EA. Management of patients with enterocutaneous fistulae. Surgery. 2020;(6): 98–103. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Huang JJ, Ren JA, Wang GF, et al. 3D-printed fistula stent designed for management of enterocutaneous fistula: An advanced strategy. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(41): 7489–7494. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i41.7489</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Jiang YG, Huang JJ, Liu Y, et al. Efficacy of 3D printed fistula stent in the treatment of enteroatmospheric fistula. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021;24(10):904–909. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn.441530-20201013-00557</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
