<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая практика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-3095</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">623681</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinpract623681</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Are there objective biomechanical symptoms of the knee instability after anterior cruciate ligament injury or it’s reconstruction</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Имеется ли объективная биомеханическая симптоматика нестабильности коленного сустава после травмы или реконструкции передней крестообразной связки?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-4912</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6274-4448</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skvortsov</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скворцов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>dskvorts63@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-6294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Altukhova</surname><given-names>Alyona V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алтухова</surname><given-names>Алёна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Associate</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>науч. сотр.</p></bio><email>altukhova.aa@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5232-7740</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4986-3575</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaurkin</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кауркин</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>kaurkins@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-5173</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9965-1828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhpashev</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахпашев</surname><given-names>Александр Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>akhpashev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-03-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-21"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-01-07"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/623681">https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/623681</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><bold>:</bold> The instability of the knee joint after a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament and even after its reconstruction remains a pressing problem. The use of a special functional test with fast walking can be considered as a potential tool for verifying this instability.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> to observe the presence of biomechanical differences in the joint function with and without instability, both before and after the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A biomechanical study of the function of walking at fast speeds, including an electromyographic study, was used. 40 patients were examined, of which 22 underwent reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The patients were divided into two groups — 33 patients with symptoms of instability, and 7 patients without them; the control group included 20 healthy persons.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The time characteristics of the step cycle did not reveal significant differences between the patient groups and the control group. For the amplitudes of movements in the joints, there were also no significant differences between the patient groups and between the affected and intact sides. The only finding was a significant increase in both amplitudes in the knee joint compared to the control for the intact side in the group with instability. The electromyographic study also did not reveal significant differences.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The use of a functional test with fast walking does not allow differentiating the state of instability. Thus, the instability of the knee joint during normal walking, even at a high speed, does not manifest itself in any way. To detect it, it is necessary to develop special provocative tests.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Разрыв передней крестообразной связки в большинстве случаев приводит к явлению нестабильности коленного сустава. Объективное определение состояния нестабильности до сих пор представляет значительные трудности.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — выяснить, имеются ли биомеханические отличия функции сустава без или с проявлением нестабильности как в период до реконструкции передней крестообразной связки, так и после него.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Использовано биомеханическое исследование функции быстрой ходьбы, включая электромиографическое исследование. Обследовано 40 пациентов, из них 22-м была выполнена реконструкция передней крестообразной связки. Пациенты были разделены на две группы — с симптомами нестабильности (n=33) и без симптомов нестабильности (n=7); в группу условно здорового контроля вошли 20 человек.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Временные характеристики цикла шага, как и показатели амплитуды движений в суставах (в том числе при сравнении поражённой и интактной сторон), не обнаружили достоверных отличий между исследуемыми группами, только для интактной стороны в группе с нестабильностью имелось достоверное увеличение обеих амплитуд в коленном суставе по сравнению с контролем. Электромиографическое исследование также не обнаружило существенных отличий.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Использование функциональной пробы с быстрой ходьбой не позволяет дифференцировать состояние нестабильности. Таким образом, нестабильность коленного сустава при обычной ходьбе даже с высокой скоростью никак себя не проявляет, для её обнаружения требуется разработка специальных провокационных тестов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>knee joint</kwd><kwd>anterior cruciate ligament tear</kwd><kwd>instability</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коленный сустав</kwd><kwd>разрыв передней крестообразной связки</kwd><kwd>нестабильность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ФМБА России «Биомеханика-нестабильность»</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">“Biomechanics and instability” of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>10.1016/j.jelekin.2004.03.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Hurd WJ, Snyder-Mackler L. Knee instability after acute ACL rupture affects movement patterns during the mid: Stance phase of gait. J Orthop Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 Apr 26. Published in final edited form as: J Orthop Res. 2007;25(10):1369–1377. doi: 10.1002/jor.20440</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Bohn MB, Petersen AK, Nielsen DB, et al. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic analysis of knee rotational stability in ACL-deficient patients during walking, running and pivoting. J Exp Orthop. 2016;3(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s40634-016-0062-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Schmitt LC, Rudolph KS. Muscle stabilization strategies in people with medial knee osteoarthritis: The effect of instability. J Orthop Res. 2008;26(9):1180–1185. doi: 10.1002/jor.20619</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Schrijvers JC, van den Noort JC, van der Esch M, Harlaar J. Neuromechanical assessment of knee joint instability during perturbed gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Biomech. 2021;118:110325. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110325</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Schrijvers JC, van den Noort JC, van der Esch M, et al. Objective parameters to measure (in) stability of the knee joint during gait: A review of literature. Gait Posture. 2019;70:235–253. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.03.016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Winter DA. The biomechanics and motor control of human gait: normal, elderly and pathological. Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo Press; 1992.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10(5):361–374. doi: 10.1016/s1050-6411(00)00027-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Stoelben KJ, Pappas E, Mota CB. Lower extremity joint moments throughout gait at two speeds more than 4 years after ACL reconstruction. Gait Posture. 2019;70:347–354. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.02.025</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Goetschius J, Hertel J, Saliba SA, et al. Gait Biomechanics in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees at different time frames postsurgery. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50(11): 2209–2216. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001693</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Skvortsov D, Kaurkin S, Akhpashev A, et al. Gait analysis and knee kinematics in patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture: Before and after reconstruction. Appl Sci. 2020; 10(10):3378. doi: 10.3390/app10103378</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Gardinier ES, Manal K, Buchanan TS, Snyder-Mackler L. Gait and neuromuscular asymmetries after acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(8):1490–1496. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31824d2783</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Garcia SA, Brown SR, Koje M, et al. Gait asymmetries are exacerbated at faster walking speeds in individuals with acute anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Res. 2022;40(1):219–230. doi: 10.1002/jor.25117</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Creaby MW, Bennell KL, Hunt MA. Gait differs between unilateral and bilateral knee osteoarthritis. Arch Physical Med Rehab. 2012;93(5):822–827. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.11.029</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Ismailidis P, Hegglin L, Egloff C, et al. Side to side kinematic gait differences within patients and spatiotemporal and kinematic gait differences between patients with severe knee osteoarthritis and controls measured with inertial sensors. Gait Posture. 2021;84:24–30. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.11</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
