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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая практика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-3095</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">623690</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinpract623690</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Predictors of anastomotic leak after anterior rectal resections for localized malignant neoplasms</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Предикторы несостоятельности колоректального анастомоза после передних резекций прямой кишки при локализованных злокачественных новообразованиях</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-4194</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3240-4335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Yuri V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Юрий Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>ivanovkb83@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3897-8306</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5619-1151</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Александр Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>alvsmirnov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2406-037X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2884-8128</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davidovich</surname><given-names>Denis L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давидович</surname><given-names>Денис Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>denisdavidovich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-2715</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1577-0901</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Keshvedinova</surname><given-names>Aishe A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кешвединова</surname><given-names>Айше Абляйевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aishe1998@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-6153</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4671-9637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Razbirin</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Разбирин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>razbirin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8620-8755</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5126-6092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stankevich</surname><given-names>Vladimir R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Станкевич</surname><given-names>Владимир Романович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>v-stankevich@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2466-3795</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2283-7220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Станиславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>danilina.katja@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Assistance and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-03-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-21"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-02-26"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/623690">https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/623690</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><bold>:</bold> Anastomotic leak is the most serious complication in rectal surgery. Predicting and preventing anastomotic leak remains an urgent task.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The purpose of the study is to analyze the 17-year-long experience of the Federal Research Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies of FMBA of Russia in performing an anterior resection of the rectum in patients with cancer of the rectum and rectosigmoid junction and to establish the risk factors for the development of an anastomotic leak.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The results of the treatment of 492 patients who underwent an anterior resection of the rectum in 2006–2022 have been studied. 21 patients developed an anastomotic leak. A retrospective comparison of the characteristics of two groups of patients was carried out: those with a smooth course of the postoperative period and those with the development of an anastomotic leak.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The reliable risk factors for the development of an anastomotic leak were identified and, based on the statistical analysis, a prognostic scoring model was proposed: smoking — 1 point, type 2 diabetes mellitus — 1 point, preoperative chemotherapy — 1 point, blood loss over 50 ml — 2 points, preoperative radiation therapy — 3 points, and the location of the colorectal anastomosis at a distance of up to 5 cm from the anus — 4 points. The sensitivity of the model was 85.6%, with the specificity above 97.4% when using a training set with 8 points or more.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The following tactics are proposed: in the case of 4 points and above by the developed scale, one should form a preventive intestinal stoma; in the case of 1–3 points, one should install a transanal drainage. The complete abandonment of these two preventive measures is possible only if the patient does not have any of the listed risk factors for the development of an anastomotic leak.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Несостоятельность колоректального анастомоза — наиболее грозное осложнение в хирургии прямой кишки. Предсказание и предотвращение несостоятельности колоректального анастомоза остаётся актуальной задачей.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — анализ опыта передней резекции при раке прямой кишки и ректосигмоидного соединения, а также установление факторов риска развития несостоятельности колоректального анастомоза на примере пациентов, пролеченных в ФГБУ ФНКЦ ФМБА России.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Изучены результаты лечения 492 пациентов, которым в 2006–2022 годах выполнена передняя резекция прямой кишки. У 21 пациента развилась несостоятельность колоректального анастомоза. Проведено ретроспективное сравнение характеристик двух групп пациентов — с гладким течением послеоперационного периода и с развитием несостоятельности колоректального анастомоза.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Выявлены достоверные факторы риска развития несостоятельности колоректального анастомоза, и на основе статистического анализа предложена прогностическая балльная модель: курение — 1 балл, сахарный диабет 2-го типа — 1 балл, предоперационная химиотерапия — 1 балл, кровопотеря свыше 50 мл — 2 балла, предоперационная лучевая терапия — 3 балла, расположение колоректального анастомоза на расстоянии до 5 см от ануса — 4 балла. Чувствительность модели на обучающей выборке при наличии 8 баллов и более составила 85,6% при специфичности выше 97,4%.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Предложена следующая тактика: при наличии 4 баллов и выше формируем превентивную кишечную стому, при 1–3 баллах — устанавливаем трансанальный дренаж. Полный отказ от этих двух мер профилактики возможен только в случае отсутствия у пациента перечисленных факторов риска развития несостоятельности анастомоза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rectal cancer</kwd><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>ileostomy</kwd><kwd>transversostomy</kwd><kwd>preventive intestinal stoma</kwd><kwd>anastomotic failure</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>илеостома</kwd><kwd>трансверзостома</kwd><kwd>превентивная кишечная стома</kwd><kwd>несостоятельность анастомоза</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ФМБА России</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">FMBA of Russia</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>122041100179-4</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. 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