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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая практика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-3095</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">624222</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinpract624222</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The effects of reactive and proactive motor decision-making strategies on the hand kinematics features in post-stroke patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние реактивной и проактивной стратегии принятия моторного решения на особенности кинематики руки у пациентов после инсульта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8868-6312</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4266-1634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tumyalis</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тумялис</surname><given-names>Алексей Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>atumyalis@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Timur B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Тимур Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>timuriva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-5525</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4049-4581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Galina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Галина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>ivanova.ge@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kattyandiva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirichenko</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириченко</surname><given-names>Андрей Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vDRONikv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8827-9429</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5631-4743</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ossadtchi</surname><given-names>Alex E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осадчий</surname><given-names>Алексей Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Dr. Sci. (Physiology and Mathematics), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р физ.-мат. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>ossadtchi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Laboratory of Medical Neurointerfaces and Artificial Intelligence of Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal center of brain research and neurotechnologies”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Лаборатория медицинских нейроинтерфейсов и искусственного интеллекта ФГБУ «Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Bioelectrical Interfaces of Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр биоэлектрических интерфейсов Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр медицинской реабилитации и курортологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-03-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-05"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-01-16"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/624222">https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/624222</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><bold>:</bold> Motor disorders of the upper limbs often develop after stroke. The use of traditional methods to restore the motor functions of the upper limbs has limited effectiveness thus making the search and development of new rehabilitation approaches important. We propose to use a proactive selection of a purposeful movement as such an approach.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> to investigate the influence of different strategies of the upper limb movement regulation on the motor decision making and hand kinematics parameters in stroke patients.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> Ten patients with stroke participated in the study during their hospital stay. They were divided into 2 groups and performed the task of selecting a movement target and performing arm movements for 10 sessions of 10 minutes each. The sessions were performed on separate days. When performing the task, patients selected one of the targets, either the near target or the distant one. The groups differed in the type of presentation of the distant target; the near target was stationary. The stimuli were presented on a touch screen arranged horizontally. A patient sat in front of the screen and placed the hand with a foam ball fixed in it on the starting area. The patient’s forearm was supported by means of a pendant. The patient selected a target to reach in each attempt and then performed the movement by swiping the ball on the touch screen. The frequency of the target selection to perform the movement, the range of the selected target, the latencies of the movement onset, the hand speed and acceleration, and the accuracy in reaching the target were assessed.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The results indicate that amidst the overall effects represented by a reduced movement on-set time [F (9.72)=8.59; p &lt;0.001], a greater movement speed in reaching the distant target [F (9.72)=2.79; p=0.007], a lower selection rate [F (9.72)=2.78; p=0.008] and a reduced mean distance of the selected distant target [F (9.72)=2.19; p=0.033], the differences in the distant target presentation between the groups have an impact on the hand movement dynamics in patients. Presenting a target at a random distance results in a greater selected target distance [F (1.8)=17.04; p=0.003], and an increased hand speed [F (9.72)=3.03; p=0.004] compared to the adaptive presentation. There is also a greater decrease in the movement onset time [F (9.72)=2.71; p=0.009] in the group of patients with the adaptive presentation of the distant target compared to the group with the random presentation.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The differences in the target presentation strategy are reflected in the motor decision making and hand movement dynamics of stroke patients. A randomized range of target presentation results in a higher amplitude arm movement closer to the activation threshold of the stretch reflex. The results of the study may be useful for selecting the rehabilitation strategies for stroke patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> После инсульта часто развиваются двигательные нарушения верхних конечностей. Использование традиционных методов восстановления моторных функций верхних конечностей не всегда эффективно и оставляет актуальным вопрос о поиске и разработке новых реабилитационных подходов. В качестве такого подхода мы предлагаем использовать проактивный выбор целенаправленного движения.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — изучить влияние различных стратегий регуляции движения верхних конечностей на принятие моторного решения и параметры кинематики руки у пациентов с постинсультным парезом руки.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> В исследовании приняли участие 10 пациентов, перенёсших инсульт в период госпитализации в стационар. Они были разделены на 2 группы и выполняли задание выбора цели движения и движения рукой в течение 10 сессий по 10 минут каждая. Сессии выполнялись в отдельные дни. В процессе выполнения задания пациенты выбирали одну из целей — близкую или дальнюю. Ближняя цель была стационарной, поэтому группы различались лишь по типу предъявления дальней цели. Стимулы предъявлялись на сенсорном экране, расположенном горизонтально. Пациент садился перед экраном и располагал кисть руки с закреплённым в ней пенопластовым шаром на стартовую область. Предплечье пациента поддерживалось посредством подвеса. Пациент в каждой попытке производил выбор цели для достижения и затем выполнял движение, проводя шаром по сенсорному экрану. Оценивались частота выбора каждой цели при выполнении движения, дальность выбираемой цели, латентность начала движения, скорость и ускорение движения руки, точность достижения цели.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> На фоне общих эффектов, заключающихся в снижении времени начала движения [F (9,72)=8,59; p &lt;0,001], большей скорости движения при достижении дальней цели [F (9,72)=2,79; p=0,007], снижении доли выбора [F (9,72)=2,78; p=0,008] и среднего расстояния выбранной дальней цели [F (9,72)=2,19; p=0,033], различия предъявления дальней цели между группами оказывают влияние на динамику движения руки у пациентов. Предъявление цели на случайном расстоянии приводит к большей дальности выбираемой цели [F (1,8)=17,04; p=0,003] и увеличению скорости движения руки [F (9,72)=3,03; p=0,004] по сравнению с адаптивным типом предъявления. В группе пациентов с адаптивным предъявлением дальней цели отмечается также большее снижение времени начала движения [F (9,72)=2,71; p=0,009] по сравнению с группой со случайным предъявлением.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Различия в стратегии предъявления цели отражаются в особенностях принятия моторного решения и динамике движения руки пациентов, перенёсших инсульт. Случайная дальность предъявляемой цели приводит к более амплитудному движению руки, более близкому порогу активации рефлекса растяжения. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны для выбора стратегии реабилитации пациентов с инсультом.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>muscle spasticity</kwd><kwd>abnormal movement</kwd><kwd>decision making</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>спастичность</kwd><kwd>движение рукой</kwd><kwd>моторное принятие решения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ФМБА России</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">FMBA of Russia</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>122022100101-4</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kuo CL, Hu GC. Post-stroke spasticity: A review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatments. 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