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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая практика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-3095</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">63875</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinpract63875</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">KRAS and NRAS genes mutations as biomarkers in the therapy of colorectal cancer and the basic methods of their detection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Мутации в генах KRAS и NRASкак биомаркеры в терапии колоректального рака и основные методы их детекции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0946-7331</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3631-1397</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brovkina</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бровкина</surname><given-names>Ольга Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>brov.olia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9762-3383</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3367-0680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>Alexey G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>Алексей Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>avialn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-21"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-03-31"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Brovkina O.I., Nikitin A.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Бровкина О.И., Никитин А.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Brovkina O.I., Nikitin A.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бровкина О.И., Никитин А.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/63875">https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/63875</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Determination of the mutations' status in the KRAS and NRAS genes is a necessary requirement in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients with certain mutations in the KRAS and NRAS genes are resistant to anti-EGFR drug therapy and have a lower median survival rate than those with WT (wild type) genotypes, that indicates a negative prognosis in the case when mutations are present. Currently, there are no registered targeted drugs for carriers of the KRAS and NRAS genes mutations, however, preparations based on small molecules are under way. The gold standard for detecting mutations in the KRAS and NRAS genes is the analysis of the biopsy material in paraffin blocks. However, this method has significant limitations that can be circumvented by the analysis of circulating tumor DNA — a promising new method in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Определение статуса мутаций в генах KRAS и NRAS является необходимым требованием в лечении пациентов с колоректальным раком (КРР). Пациенты с определенными мутациями в генах KRAS и NRAS являются резистентными к терапии анти-EGFR-препаратами и имеют медиану выживаемости ниже, чем при WT (wild type) генотипах, что говорит о негативном прогнозе в случае наличия мутаций. На настоящий момент не существует зарегистрированных таргетных препаратов для носителей мутаций в генах KRAS и NRAS, однако ведутся разработки на основе малых молекул. Золотым стандартом выявления мутаций в генах KRAS и NRAS является анализ биопсийного материала в парафиновых блоках. Однако такой метод сопряжен с существенными ограничениями, которые можно обойти с помощью анализа циркулирующей опухолевой ДНК — нового перспективного метода в диагностике КРР.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>mutations in the KRAS, NRAS genes</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>circulating tumor DNA</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>мутации в генах KRAS, NRAS</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>циркулирующая опухолевая ДНК</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Haggar FA, Boushey RP. Colorectal cancer epidemiology: incidence, mortality, survival, and risk factors. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2009;22(4):191–197. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1242458</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. 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