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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая практика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-3095</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">655829</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinpract655829</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZIVDMU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pneumonitis as a complication of Immunotherapy of oncological diseases: difficulties in diagnosis and treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пневмонит как осложнение иммунотерапии онкологических заболеваний: сложности диагностики и лечения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0488-6454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chizhova</surname><given-names>Yuliia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чижова</surname><given-names>Юлия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>julia.raymond.88@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-9321</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6335-6935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotov</surname><given-names>Vasily D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотов</surname><given-names>Василий Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>basil11@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7032-9382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Elena M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Елена Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>zelmich74@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Clinical Oncology «Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт клинической онкологии «Нижегородский областной клинический онкологический диспансер»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-12"><day>12</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-21"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/655829">https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/655829</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pneumonitis is one of the life-threatening complications of immunotherapy of oncological diseases. Despite the low occurrence rate, pneumonitis significantly affects not only the quality of life in the patients, but also the mortality, forcing to change the treatment scheme of the main disease. Therapy with immune checkpoint blockers is a relatively new, but well established type of oncology therapy. It is expected that, with the extension of the list of indications to immunotherapy, some growth would be observed in the number of complications, due to which it becomes necessary to inform the physicians of various (not only oncological) specialties about it. It is important for them to maintain high index of suspicion to be able to detect this life-threatening complication at the early stages and to prescribe adequate treatment. The currently known research works by national and foreign authors on the detection and treatment of pneumonitis in their majority have a strictly specialized type due to studying a specific immunotherapy medicine or a specific location of the tumor. In the present article, we have summarized and systematized the data from various sources, emphasizing on the diagnostics and therapy of this dangerous complication.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Пневмонит — одно из жизнеугрожающих осложнений иммунотерапии онкологических заболеваний. Несмотря на низкую встречаемость, пневмонит оказывает значительное влияние не только на качество жизни пациентов, но и на смертность, в том числе заставляя менять схему лечения основного заболевания. Терапия ингибиторами контрольных точек иммунного ответа является относительно новым, но хорошо зарекомендовавшим себя видом лечения злокачественных новообразований. Ожидается, что с расширением списка показаний к иммунотерапии будет расти и количество осложнений, в связи с чем становится очевидной необходимость информирования об этом врачей разного (не только онкологического) профиля. Важно поддерживать у них высокий индекс подозрительности, чтобы на ранних этапах выявлять жизнеугрожающее осложнение и назначать адекватное лечение. Известные в настоящее время исследования отечественных и зарубежных авторов по выявлению и лечению пневмонита в большинстве своём носят узконаправленный характер, рассматривая конкретный препарат иммунотерапии или конкретную локализацию опухоли. В представленной статье мы объединили и систематизировали данные разных источников, делая акцент на диагностике и терапии этого опасного осложнения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>checkpoint inhibitors</kwd><kwd>pneumonitis</kwd><kwd>computed tomography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы контрольных точек</kwd><kwd>пневмонит</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Rapoport BL, Shannon VR, Cooksley T, et al. Pulmonary toxicities associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors: An update from the Immuno-Oncology Subgroup of the Neutropenia, Infection &amp; Myelosuppression Study Group of the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer. 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