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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая практика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-3095</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">676877</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinpract676877</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VHOOAQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The anesthetic management and the specific features of perioperative management in cases of nephrectomy with thrombectomy from the inferior vena cava in patients with renal cell cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анестезиологическое обеспечение и особенности периоперационного ведения при нефрэктомии с тромбэктомией из нижней полой вены у пациентов с почечно-клеточным раком</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2537-954X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4734-0837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Strunin</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Струнин</surname><given-names>Олег Всеволодович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>struninov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-1664</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4684-3230</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baitman</surname><given-names>Tatiana P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байтман</surname><given-names>Татьяна Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>bit.t@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6226-3573</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shainyan</surname><given-names>Maximilyan B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаинян</surname><given-names>Максимильян Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shnyanmax@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6370-3248</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malik</surname><given-names>Vasilii V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малик</surname><given-names>Василий Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>icefog899@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6460-239X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Parkhomenko</surname><given-names>Daniil A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пархоменко</surname><given-names>Даниил Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>parkhomenkod@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-1802</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Monakov</surname><given-names>Dmitry M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Монаков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gvkg-monakov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5160-925X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2128-7536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gritskevich</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грицкевич</surname><given-names>Александр Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>grek@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1791-9163</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8181-0826</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Revishvili</surname><given-names>Amiran Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ревишвили</surname><given-names>Амиран Шотаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><email>amirev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр хирургии имени А.В. Вишневского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр хирургии имени А.В. Вишневского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-05"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-30"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/676877">https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/676877</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Renal cell cancer is one of the most widespread oncourological diseases (90% of all the malignant neoplasms in the kidneys) with high mortality. Every year worldwide, approximately 120,000 new cases of renal cell cancer are diagnosed, which is approximately 2% within the structure of the cancer incidence rates, and 65% of the patients are being diagnosed in the developed countries. Nephrectomy is the main method of radical therapy for such patients. In cases of tumor thrombosis of the inferior vena cava, which develops in 25–30% of the cases of renal cell cancer and represents a lethal complication of this disease due to the fragmentation of the thrombotic masses and developing pulmonary embolism, nephrectomy with thrombectomy is indicated. A special category includes the patients with renal cell cancer, complicated by the tumor thrombosis of the inferior vena cava with grades III (thrombus located at the level or above the hepatic veins, but below the diaphragm) and IV (thrombus spreading into the supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava or into the right atrium) according to the classification by the Mayo Clinic, in which the surgical strategy is accompanied by significantly traumatic manipulations with the liver, the suprahepatic segment of the inferior vena cava, as well as with the heart chambers, suggesting the parallel cardiosurgical intervention. Surgical interventions with this background are accompanied by the complete or the parallel methods of extracorporeal circulation. The initially burdened status of the patient (tumor-related intoxication, anemia, hyperazotemia, in a number of cases thrombosis of the venous system in the lower limbs along with the concomitant abnormalities) and the extent of surgical intervention determine the high risk of complications (up to 93%) and hospital mortality (up to 10%). The preoperative evaluation of the risks of surgery, defining the most favorable tactics for the patient and the thorough preoperative preparation are necessary for the safest course of surgery and for the early rehabilitation of the patient. Currently, there is no unified commonly accepted algorithm adopted for managing such patients, while the developed commonly available standards often have a generalized type, not reflecting the specific features found in the patients with tumor thrombosis of the inferior vena cava. This review attempts to compile the specific features of the anesthetic management in cases of nephrectomy with thrombectomy in patients with renal cell cancer, to describe the main pathophysiological features of the tumor thrombosis of the inferior vena cava, the complications of the perioperative period, the methods for their prevention and treatment. The main directions were provided for the combined diagnostics and treatment, special attention was paid to the multi-disciplinary (urologists, oncologists, cardiovascular and cardiosurgery specialists, anesthesiologists and intensivists) team-based approach to perioperative management of the patients with tumor thrombosis of the inferior vena cava.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Почечно-клеточный рак — одно из наиболее распространённых онкоурологических заболеваний (90% всех злокачественных новообразований почки) с высокой смертностью. Ежегодно в мире выявляют около 120 000 новых случаев почечно-клеточного рака, что составляет около 2% в структуре онкологической заболеваемости, 65% больных выявляют в развитых странах. Нефрэктомия является основным методом радикального лечения пациентов. При опухолевом тромбозе нижней полой вены, который развивается в 25–30% случаев почечно-клеточного рака и является смертельным осложнением данного заболевания в результате фрагментации тромботических масс и развития лёгочной эмболии, показана нефрэктомия с тромбэктомией. Особую категорию составляют пациенты с почечно-клеточным раком, осложнённым опухолевым тромбозом нижней полой вены III (тромб на уровне или выше печёночных вен, но ниже диафрагмы) и IV (тромб распространяется в наддиафрагмальную нижнюю полую вену или правое предсердие) уровня по классификации клиники Мейо, у которых хирургическая стратегия сопровождается значительными травматичными манипуляциями на печени, в надпечёночном отделе нижней полой вены, а также камерах сердца, предполагающими параллельное кардиохирургическое вмешательство. Оперативные вмешательства при этом сопровождаются полным или параллельным методом экстракорпорального кровообращения. Исходно отягощённое состояние пациента (раковая интоксикация, анемия, гиперазотемия, в ряде случаев тромбоз венозной системы нижних конечностей наряду с сопутствующей патологией) и объём хирургического вмешательства определяют высокий риск осложнений (до 93%) и госпитальной летальности (до 10%). Предоперационная оценка рисков операции, определение наиболее благоприятной для пациента тактики, тщательная предоперационная подготовка необходимы для наиболее безопасного выполнения операции и ранней реабилитации пациента. В настоящее время не существует единого общепринятого алгоритма ведения таких пациентов, а разработанные общедоступные стандарты носят зачастую обобщённый характер, не отражающий особенности пациентов с опухолевым тромбозом нижней полой вены. В обзоре предпринята попытка компилировать особенности анестезиологического обеспечения нефрэктомии с тромбэктомией у пациентов с почечно-клеточным раком, описать основные патофизиологические особенности опухолевого тромбоза нижней полой вены, осложнения периоперационного периода, способы их профилактики и лечения. Представлены основные направления комплексной диагностики и лечения, уделено особое внимание мультидисциплинарному (урологи, онкологи, сердечно-сосудистые и кардиохирурги, анестезиологи и реаниматологи) командному подходу к периоперационному ведению пациентов с опухолевым тромбозом нижней полой вены.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tumor thrombosis</kwd><kwd>kidney cancer</kwd><kwd>anesthetic care</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>опухолевый тромбоз</kwd><kwd>рак почки</kwd><kwd>анестезиологическое обеспечение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2023 году / под ред. А.Д. Каприна, В.В. Старинского, А.О. Шахзадовой. Москва, 2024. 262 с. [Kaprin AD, Starinsky VV, Shakhzadova AO, editors. The state of oncological care for the Russian population in 2023. Moscow; 2024. 262 p. 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