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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая практика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-3095</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">684717</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinpract684717</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JCFLTU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Multi-channel functional electrostimulation: the method of restoring the walking function in patients with a past history of acute cerebrovascular event</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Многоканальная функциональная электростимуляция: метод восстановления функции ходьбы у пациентов, перенёсших острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-4912</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6274-4448</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skvortsov</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скворцов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>dskvorts63@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-3388</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5618-0734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimov</surname><given-names>Leonid V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климов</surname><given-names>Леонид Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>dr.klimov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7741-2904</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6226-5283</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobunko</surname><given-names>Danila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобунько</surname><given-names>Данила Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>doctorlobunko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-5525</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4049-4581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Galina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Галина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>reabilivanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-07-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-18"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/684717">https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/684717</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Multi-channel functional electrostimulation (MFES) represents a promising method for the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients, aimed at restoring the walking function in various periods after an acute cerebrovascular event. The review systematizes the modern concepts of using the MFES in patients with the consequences of cerebral stroke, analyzing the technical parameters of stimulation, the methodical approaches to conducting the procedures and the clinical efficiency of the method. The analysis of literature data demonstrates significant variability of MFES protocols: the stimulation frequency varies from 20 to 100 Hz, the duration of the procedure ranges from 15 to 60 minutes, the treatment course can last from 3 to 30 weeks. The main targets of stimulation are the four groups of muscles in the lower limbs — the anterior tibial muscle, the plantar flexors, the quadriceps muscle of thigh and the group of muscles on the posterior surface of thigh. The synchronization of stimulation with the walking cycle is conducted predominantly by means of contact sensors, accelerometers and electromyographic signals; modern developments include the inertial systems and the machine learning algorithms. The review presents a combined analysis of the technical aspects of MFES from the point of view of staging of motor learning and individualization of the stimulation parameters. Special attention was paid to the integration of MFES with the robotic devices, including the exoskeletons, which represents a new trend in rehabilitation. Along with the absence of the unified criteria for choosing the stimulation parameters, it is worth noting that there is a necessity of differentiated approach depending on the type of motor disorders, on the duration of the disease and on the cognitive capabilities of the patient. The analysis presented justifies the necessity of developing personalized MFES protocols and arranging a large-scale research for optimizing the stimulation parameters in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Многоканальная функциональная электростимуляция (МФЭС) представляет собой перспективный метод реабилитации постинсультных больных, направленный на восстановление функции ходьбы в различные периоды после острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения. Обзор систематизирует современные представления о применении МФЭС у пациентов с последствиями церебрального инсульта, анализируя технические параметры стимуляции, методические подходы к проведению процедур и клиническую эффективность метода. Анализ литературных данных демонстрирует значительную вариабельность протоколов МФЭС: частота стимуляции варьирует от 20 до 100 Гц, длительность процедур составляет от 15 до 60 минут, курс лечения может продолжаться от 3 до 30 недель. Основными мишенями воздействия являются четыре группы мышц нижних конечностей — передняя большеберцовая мышца, подошвенные сгибатели, четырёхглавая мышца бедра и группа мышц задней поверхности бедра. Синхронизация стимуляции с циклом ходьбы осуществляется преимущественно посредством контактных датчиков, акселерометров и электромиографических сигналов; современные разработки включают инерциальные системы навигации и алгоритмы машинного обучения. В обзоре представлен комплексный анализ технических аспектов МФЭС с позиций этапности двигательного обучения и индивидуализации параметров стимуляции. Особое внимание уделено интеграции МФЭС с робототехническими устройствами, включая экзоскелеты, что представляет новое направление в реабилитации. Наряду с отсутствием единых критериев выбора параметров стимуляции следует отметить необходимость дифференцированного подхода в зависимости от типа двигательных нарушений, периода заболевания и когнитивных возможностей пациента. Представленный анализ обосновывает необходимость разработки персонализированных протоколов МФЭС и проведения масштабных исследований для оптимизации параметров стимуляции в реабилитации постинсультных больных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multichannel functional electrical stimulation</kwd><kwd>stroke rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>gait</kwd><kwd>motor recovery</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функциональная электростимуляция</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>ходьба</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное медико-биологическое агентство</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>388-00082-24-00</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Maeda A, Yuasa T, Nakamura K, et al. 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