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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая практика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-3095</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">685076</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinpract685076</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GHHXHU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Optimizing the fluorescent visualization with Indocyanine green during laparoscopic cholecystectomy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оптимизация флюоресцентной визуализации с индоцианином зелёным при лапароскопической холецистэктомии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9735-6219</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6638-4286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosachenko</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косаченко</surname><given-names>Михаил Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>kosach13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1701-3042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonovich</surname><given-names>Alexander M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонович</surname><given-names>Александр Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>leon_vgmu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1397-9540</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8816-8365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimov</surname><given-names>Aleksei E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климов</surname><given-names>Алексей Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>klimov.pfu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1248-7579</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5285-6367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burlakova</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурлакова</surname><given-names>Анна Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>burlakova.09@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="kk"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="pt"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-18"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-24"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/685076">https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/685076</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The prevention of damaging the bile ducts during surgical interventions in patients with calculous cholecystitis remains a topical problem in modern abdominal surgery. The incidence of damaging the bile ducts reaches 0.4–2%, while in cases of complicated forms — up to 5.2%. <bold>AIM:</bold> determining the optimal dosage and timing of administering the Indocyanine green (ICG) for increasing the efficiency of fluorescent cholangiography during the course of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in cases of calculous cholecystitis. The top-priority task of the research is minimizing the risks of injuring the bile ducts by means of clear intraoperative visualization of the extrahepatic bile ducts. <bold>METHODS:</bold> Prospective non-randomized research was conducted within the premises of the University Clinical Center named after V.V. Vinogradov (affiliated branch) of the RUDN University during the period from March 2024 until April 2025. The research included 276 patients undergoing the laparoscopic cholecystectomy with using the ICG-cholangiography. The dosages of Indocyanine green used (1.25 mg; 2.5 mg; 5 mg; 10 mg) were administered in various time periods before starting the surgery (from 40 minutes up to 6 hours), as well as intraoperatively. The evaluation included the degree of fluorescence, the time from the moment of administering the Indocyanine green until the optimal fluorescence of the bile ducts and of the liver required for the safe conduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, as well as the possibility to correct the hyper- and hypofluorescence by changing the equipment settings. <bold>RESULTS:</bold> Optimal visualization of the extrahepatic bile ducts was observed at a dosage of 5 mg of ICG 3–5 hours after the administration, for the 2.5 mg dosage — 2–3 hours, while for the 1.25 mg dosage, the time was 40–120 minutes. Intraoperative administration of 1.25 mg provided a rapid visualization, but caused hyperfluorescence, complicating the determination of the topography of bile ducts, which was corrected by equipment settings. <bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Fluorescent cholangiography with using the Indocyanine green is a safe and effective method of visualizing the extrahepatic bile ducts during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The most optimal dosages of Indocyanine green are the following: 1.25 mg — 40–120 minutes, 2.5 mg — 2–3 hours and 5 mg — 3–5 hours before the intervention. The 1.25 mg dosage can be administered intraoperatively with further correction of equipment settings at the menu of the video-system (by lowering the enhancement and the intensity parameters) for decreasing the hyperfluorescence effect.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Профилактика повреждений желчевыводящих путей при оперативных вмешательствах у больных с калькулёзным холециститом остаётся актуальной проблемой в современной абдоминальной хирургии. Частота повреждений желчных протоков достигает 0,4–2%, а при осложнённых формах — до 5,2%. <bold>Цель исследования</bold> — определить оптимальную дозировку и время введения индоцианина зелёного (ICG) для повышения эффективности флюоресцентной холангиографии во время лапароскопической холецистэктомии при калькулёзном холецистите. Приоритетной задачей исследования является минимизация риска травм желчных путей посредством чёткой интраоперационной визуализации внепечёночных желчных протоков. <bold>Методы.</bold> Проспективное нерандомизированное исследование проведено на базе Университетского клинического центра имени В.В. Виноградова (филиал) РУДН в период с марта 2024 по апрель 2025 года. В исследование включены 276 пациентов, которым выполнена лапароскопическая холецистэктомия с применением ICG-холангиографии. Использованы дозы индоцианина зелёного (1,25 мг; 2,5 мг; 5 мг; 10 мг), вводимые в разные временные промежутки до начала операции (от 40 минут до 6 часов), а также интраоперационно. Оценивались интенсивность флюоресценции, время от момента введения индоцианина зелёного до оптимального свечения желчных протоков и печени для безопасного выполнения лапароскопической холецистэктомии, а также возможность нивелировать гипер- и гипофлюоресценцию изменением настроек оборудования. <bold>Результаты.</bold> Оптимальная визуализация внепечёночных желчных протоков отмечена при дозе 5 мг ICG через 3–5 часов после введения, при дозе 2,5 мг — через 2–3 часа, при дозе 1,25 мг — через 40–120 минут. Интраоперационное введение 1,25 мг обеспечивало быструю визуализацию, но вызывало гиперфлюоресценцию, затрудняющую определение топографии желчных путей, которая нивелировалась настройками оборудования. <bold>Заключение.</bold> Флюоресцентная холангиография с использованием индоцианина зелёного является безопасным и эффективным методом визуализации внепечёночных желчных протоков при лапароскопической холецистэктомии. Наиболее оптимальные дозировки индоцианина зелёного: 1,25 мг за 40–120 минут, 2,5 мг за 2–3 часа и 5 мг за 3–5 часов до вмешательства. Доза 1,25 мг может быть введена интраоперационно с последующей коррекцией настроек оборудования в меню видеосистемы (снизить показатели усиления и насыщенности) для уменьшения эффекта гиперфлюоресценции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>calculous cholecystitis</kwd><kwd>indocyanine green</kwd><kwd>fluorescence visualization</kwd><kwd>laparoscopic cholecystectomy</kwd><kwd>dose optimization</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>калькулёзный холецистит</kwd><kwd>индоцианин зелёный</kwd><kwd>флюоресцентная визуализация</kwd><kwd>лапароскопическая холецистэктомия</kwd><kwd>оптимизация дозы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Alexander HC, Bartlett AS, Wells CI, et al. 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