<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая практика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-3095</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">690583</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinpract690583</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">QLJUNQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Impaired reciprocal gait in patients with ischemic stroke: a single-session recovery trial</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нарушение реципрокности ходьбы у больных ишемическим инсультом: проба восстановления за один сеанс с помощью метронома</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-4912</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6274-4448</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skvortsov</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скворцов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>dskvorts63@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4367-567X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1116-1915</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khudaigulova</surname><given-names>Aliya R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Худайгулова</surname><given-names>Алия Раисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lady.aliya1998@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-5525</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4049-4581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Galina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Галина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>reabilivanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="kk"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="pt"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-04-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-19"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-30"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/690583">https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/690583</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The spatiotemporal gait parameters are frequently impaired in post-stroke patients. The treatment involves rhythmic auditory stimulation. One disadvantage of existing approaches is the need for long-term treatment, which does not always provide a favorable outcome. <bold>AIM:</bold> The work aimed to assess the possibility of improving reciprocal gait in patients after ischemic stroke using a metronome during a single training session. <bold>METHODS:</bold> Patients (n=22) after ischemic stroke had a single training session using a metronome. Patients were divided into two groups based on the findings of a triplicate biomechanical study: “positive effect” (n=15; hemiparesis; subacute [n=11] and chronic [n=4] phases of stroke recovery) and “no effect” (n=7; hemiparesis; subacute [n=3] and chronic [n=4] phases of stroke recovery). <bold>RESULTS:</bold> The positive effect group showed the following significant changes: increased walking cycle for both limbs (p &lt; 0.05), decreased walking cadence (p &lt; 0.05), improved walking rhythmicity coefficient (p &lt; 0.05), reduced single leg stance phase on the contralateral side (p &lt; 0.05), and improved reciprocity (p &lt; 0.05). <bold>CONCLUSION:</bold><bold> </bold>Patients with walking asymmetry can benefit from a single metronome training session during different phases of stroke recovery. However, individual patient characteristics that may limit the method’s efficacy must be considered. Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of action and assess the long-term outcomes of rhythmic auditory stimulation to restore reciprocal coordination during walking.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> У пациентов после инсульта часто нарушаются пространственно-временные параметры ходьбы. Для коррекции этого нарушения используется ритмичная слуховая стимуляция. Недостатком существующих методов является необходимость длительного курсового лечения, которое не всегда приводит к положительному результату. <bold>Цель исследования</bold> — определить возможность улучшения реципрокности походки с использованием метронома у пациентов, перенёсших ишемический церебральный инсульт, за один сеанс тренировки. <bold>Методы.</bold> Пациенты (n=22) после ишемического церебрального инсульта выполняли однократную коррекцию с помощью метронома. По итогам результатов трёхкратного биомеханического исследования в динамике пациенты были разделены на группы «эффект есть» [n=15; гемипарез; ранний (n=11) и поздний (n=4) восстановительный период] и «эффекта нет» [n=7; гемипарез; ранний (n=3) и поздний (n=4) восстановительный период после инсульта]. <bold>Результаты.</bold> В ходе исследования в группе пациентов «эффект есть» обнаружены статистически значимое увеличение цикла шага обеих конечностей (p &lt; 0,05), снижение частоты шага (p &lt; 0,05), улучшение коэффициента ритмичности ходьбы (p &lt; 0,05), снижение времени одиночной опоры контралатеральной стороны (p &lt; 0,05), гармонизация параметра реципрокности (p &lt; 0,05). <bold>Заключение.</bold> Однократную коррекцию с использованием метронома можно рекомендовать пациентам с асимметрией шага на разных этапах постинсультной реабилитации, при этом необходимо учитывать особенности пациентов, способные ограничить эффективность метода. Перспективным направлением дальнейших исследований является уточнение механизмов воздействия и изучение отдалённых результатов применения ритмичной слуховой стимуляции для восстановления реципрокной координации при ходьбе.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>hemiparesis</kwd><kwd>walking</kwd><kwd>biofeedback</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>гемипарез</kwd><kwd>ходьба</kwd><kwd>биологическая обратная связь</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>ААААА19-119042590030-2</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out as part of the state assignment of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia (Development of New Technologies for Medical Rehabilitation in Patients with Brain Injuries and Diseases”), AAAAA19-119042590030-2.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФМБА России (НИР «Разработка новых технологий медицинской реабилитации у пациентов с поражениями и заболеваниями головного мозга»), ААААА19-119042590030-2.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Dietz V. Interaction between central programs and afferent input in the control of posture and locomotion. J Biomech. 1996;29(7):841–844. doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(95)00175-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Meijer R, Plotnik M, Zwaaftink EG, et al. Markedly impaired bilateral coordination of gait in post-stroke patients: is this deficit distinct from asymmetry? A cohort study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2011;8:23. doi: 10.1186/1743-0003-8-23 EDN: OMIXWF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Sousa AS, Silva A, Santos R, et al. Interlimb coordination during the stance phase of gait in subjects with stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;94(12):2515–2522. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.06.032</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Pérez-Rizo E, Torres-Lacomba M, Payo I, et al. A comparison of elbow and wrist kinematics and kinetics during swing-through versus reciprocal gait with crutches in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2023;61(7):391–398. doi: 10.1038/s41393-023-00902-5 EDN: AQVCHZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Henning S, Mangino LC, Massé J. Postural restoration: a tri-planar asymmetrical framework for understanding, assessing, and treating scoliosis and other spinal dysfunctions. In book: Bettany-Saltikov J, Schreiber S, Bettany‐Saltikov J. Innovations in spinal deformities and postural disorders. 2017. Р. 135–166. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.69037</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Sousa AS, Tavares JM. Interlimb coordination during step-to-step transition and gait performance. J Mot Behav. 2015;47(6):563–574. doi: 10.1080/00222895.2015.1023391</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Li S, Francisco GE, Zhou P. Post-stroke hemiplegic gait: new perspective and insights. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1021. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01021</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Skvortsov DV, Kaurkin SN, Grebenkina NV, Ivanova GE. Typical changes in gait biomechanics in patients with subacute ischemic stroke. Diagnostics. 2025;15(5):511. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15050511 EDN: IGXNZF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Balasubramanian CK, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Variability in spatiotemporal step characteristics and its relationship to walking performance post-stroke. Gait Posture. 2009;29(3):408–414. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.10.061</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Patterson KK, Gage WH, Brooks D, et al. Evaluation of gait symmetry after stroke: a comparison of current methods and recommendations for standardization. Gait Posture. 2010;31(2):241–246. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.10.014 EDN: NYMQAJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Krasovsky T, Levin MF. Review: toward a better understanding of coordination in healthy and poststroke gait. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2010;24(3):213–224. doi: 10.1177/1545968309348509</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Balasubramanian CK, Bowden MG, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Relationship between step length asymmetry and walking performance in subjects with chronic hemiparesis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88(1):43–49. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.10.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Fotiadou S, Aggeloussis N, Gourgoulis V, et al. Reproducibility of gait kinematics and kinetics in chronic stroke patients. NeuroRehabil. 2018;42(1):53–61. doi: 10.3233/NRE-172195</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Mahon CE, Farris DJ, Sawicki GS, Lewek MD. Individual limb mechanical analysis of gait following stroke. J Biomech. 2015;48(6):984–989. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.02.006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Perry J, Burnfield JM. Gait analysis: normal and pathological function. Slack Incorporated: West Deptford; 2010. 551 р. ISBN 978-1556427664</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Patterson KK, Parafianowicz I, Danells CJ, et al. Gait asymmetry in community-ambulating stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89(2):304–310. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.142</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Lee Y, Kim GB, Shin S. association between lower limb strength asymmetry and gait asymmetry: implications for gait variability in stroke survivors. J Clin Med. 2025;14(2):380. doi: 10.3390/jcm14020380</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Yang C, Veit N, McKenzie K, et al. Single-belt vs. split-belt treadmill symmetry training: is there a perfect choice for gait rehabilitation post-stroke? Front Physiol. 2024;15:1409304. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1409304 EDN: FBKAJS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>El-Tamawy MS, Darwish MH, Basheer MA, et al. Effect of cycling exercise on motor excitability and gait abnormalities in stroke patients. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg. 2021;57(1):2–7. doi: 10.1186/s41983-020-00236-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Choi YK, Kim K, Choi JU. Effects of stair task training on walking ability in stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017;29(2):235–237. doi: 10.1589/jpts.29.235</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Thaut MH, McIntosh GC, Rice RR. Rhythmic facilitation of gait training in hemiparetic stroke rehabilitation. J Neurol Sci. 1997;151(2):207–212. doi: 10.1016/s0022-510x(97)00146-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Schauer M, Mauritz KH. Musical motor feedback (MMF) in walking hemiparetic stroke patients: randomized trials of gait improvement. Clin Rehabil. 2003;17(7):713–722. doi: 10.1191/0269215503cr668oa</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Cha Y, Kim Y, Hwang S, Chung Y. Intensive gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke: a pilot randomized controlled study. NeuroRehabil. 2014;35(4):681–688. doi: 10.3233/NRE-141182</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Prassas S, Thaut M, McIntosh G, Rice R. Effect of auditory rhythmic cuing on gait kinematic parameters of stroke patients. Gait Posture. 1997;6(3):218–223. doi: 10.1016/S0966-6362(97)00010-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Wright R, Masood A, MacCormac E, et al. Metronome-cued stepping in place after hemiparetic stroke: comparison of a one- and two-tone beat. ISRN Rehabil. 2013;(2):1–5. doi: 10.1155/2013/157410</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Lee S, Lee K, Song C. Gait training with bilateral rhythmic auditory stimulation in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Sci. 2018;8(9):164. doi: 10.3390/brainsci8090164</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Lee Y, Shin S. Improvement of gait in patients with stroke using rhythmic sensory stimulation: a case-control study. J Clin Med. 2022;11(2):425. doi: 10.3390/jcm11020425 EDN: JKXYMN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Yoo GE, Kim SJ. Rhythmic auditory cueing in motor rehabilitation for stroke patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Music Ther. 2016;53(2):149–177. doi: 10.1093/jmt/thw003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Kim SH, Huizenga DE, Handzic I, et al. Relearning functional and symmetric walking after stroke using a wearable device: a feasibility study. J NeuroEngineering Rehabil. 2019;16:106. doi: 10.1186/s12984-019-0569-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>McCue P, Del Din S, Hunter H, et al. Auditory rhythmical cueing to improve gait and physical activity in community-dwelling stroke survivors (ACTIVATE): study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2020;6:68. doi: 10.1186/s40814-020-00605-1 EDN: AEZETA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Nedovic N, Krneta SM, Jovanovic S, et al. Dual-task gait analysis: combined cognitive — motor demands most severely impact walking patterns and joint kinematics. Life (Basel). 2025;15(7):1009. doi: 10.3390/life15071009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Song GB, Ryu HJ. Effects of gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait ability in stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(5):1403–1406. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1403</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Won-Chan Y, Sun-Wook P. Effect of treadmill walking training using the metronome on gait pattern. J Korean Society Phys Med. 2020;15(2):101–108. doi: 10.13066/kspm.2020.15.2.101</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Kim JH, Park SG, Lim HJ, et al. Effects of the combination of rhythmic auditory stimulation and task-oriented training on functional recovery of subacute stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2012;24(12):1307–1313. doi: 10.1589/jpts.24.1307</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Kim SH, Huizenga DE, Handzic I, et al. Relearning functional and symmetric walking after stroke using a wearable device: a feasibility study. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2019;16(1):106. doi: 10.1186/s12984-019-0569-x EDN: APGDVZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Crosby LD, Chen JL, Grahn JA, Patterson KK. The effect of rhythm abilities on metronome-cued walking with an induced temporal gait asymmetry in neurotypical adults. J Mot Behav. 2022;54(3):267–280. doi: 10.1080/00222895.2021.1953959</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Shabbir M, Arshad N, Naz A, et al. Comparison between right and left hemisphere lesion of stroke patients for functional gait assessment. Ann Pak Inst Med Sci. 2020;17(1):56–59. doi: 10.48036/apims.v17i1.411</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Fries W, Swihart AA. Disturbance of rhythm sense following right hemisphere damage. Neuropsychologia. 1990;28(12):1317–1323. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(90)90047-r</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Penhune VB, Zatorre RJ, Feindel WH. The role of auditory cortex in retention of rhythmic patterns as studied in patients with temporal lobe removals including Heschl’s gyrus. Neuropsychologia. 1999;37(3):315–331. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(98)00075-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Lee KB, Lim SH, Kim KH, et al. Six-month functional recovery of stroke patients: a multi-time-point study. Int J Rehabil Res. 2015;38(2):173–180. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000108</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Verheyden G, Nieuwboer A, De Wit L, et al. Time course of trunk, arm, leg, and functional recovery after ischemic stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2008;22(2):173–179. doi: 10.1177/1545968307305456</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
