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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая практика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-3095</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">691913</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinpract691913</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MKMBEB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The hybrid brain PET/MRI method with <sup>18</sup>F-FDG in the diagnostics of focal cortical dysplasia in patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гибридный метод ПЭТ/МРТ головного мозга с <sup>18</sup>F-ФДГ в диагностике фокальной кортикальной дисплазии у пациентов с фокальной фармакорезистентной эпилепсией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6541-179X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5840-7590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rostovtseva</surname><given-names>Tatiana M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ростовцева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rostovtsevat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3930-5998</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6388-9644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgushin</surname><given-names>Mikhail B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгушин</surname><given-names>Михаил Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор РАН</p></bio><email>dolgushin.m@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0678-7821</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3169-8708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvoryanchikov</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дворянчиков</surname><given-names>Андрей Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dvoryanchikov.a@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8189-3021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nadelyaev</surname><given-names>Rostislav V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наделяев</surname><given-names>Ростислав Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nadelyaev.r@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-3602</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9812-0420</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karalkina</surname><given-names>Mariya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каралкина</surname><given-names>Мария Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>karalkina.m@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5337-8715</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1737-2522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhafarov</surname><given-names>Vidzhai M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джафаров</surname><given-names>Виджай Маисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>djafarov.v@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3746-1797</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8100-0855</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubleva</surname><given-names>Yulia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рублева</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rubleva@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-9234</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6791-2193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>baranova.e@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-3922</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6460-1758</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Patsap</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пацап</surname><given-names>Ольга Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>patsap.o@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6256-2576</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1484-0178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burd</surname><given-names>Sergey G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурд</surname><given-names>Сергей Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>burd.s@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-01-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-03"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-06"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/691913">https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/691913</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Up to 30% of the patients with epilepsy are resistant to drug therapy. One of the leading causes of drug-resistant epilepsy in adults and children is the focal cortical dysplasia. The complete resection of the epileptogenic focus in 60–70% of the cases results in the complete resolving of epileptic seizures, however, its detection and determining its margins by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be a difficult task. Positron emission tomography combined with MRI (PET/MRI) is a new hybrid method of diagnostics, which can be used in case of negative and indefinite MRI results, as well as in case of non-compliance of the MRI findings to the data from videoelectroencephalography (video-EEG-monitoring). <bold>AIM:</bold> To evaluate the diagnostic possibilities of the hybrid brain PET/MRI method with the use of the radiopharmaceutical — Fluorodeoxyglucose (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG) in detecting the focal cortical dysplasia in patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy and to analyze the metabolic patterns in cases of focal cortical dysplasia of various type and location. <bold>METHODS:</bold> The retrospective analysis of data from 23 patients included the comparison of data from the brain PET/MRI with <sup>18</sup>F-FDG, from the MRI and from the video-EEG-monitoring, as well as the analysis of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG hypometabolism patterns in cases of focal cortical dysplasia of various types and locations. <bold>RESULTS:</bold> Focal cortical dysplasia was found in 13 (56.5%) patients by means of MRI, in 22 (95.6%) — by means of PET/MRI with <sup>18</sup>F-FDG; 6 (26.1%) were MRI-negative, while in 3 (13%) cases the signs of focal cortical dysplasia were found upon the retrospective targeted analysis of MRI images in the <sup>18</sup>F-FDG hypometabolism zone. Small focal area of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG hypometabolism in our research was found only when the epileptogenic focus was located in the frontal lobe, which was 75% of the cases of the frontal variant of FCD. In all the cases of the temporal location, the zone was spreading to two and more gyri. As of the moment of article publication, the absence of seizures acc. to the classification by J. Engel (Engel I) in the postoperative period was reported for 11 (84.6%) of 13 operated patients, the Engel II class outcome was registered in 1 (4.3%) patient. <bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Brain PET/MRI with <sup>18</sup>F-FDG in patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy increases the detection rates of focal cortical dysplasia by 39% comparing to MRI, including the MRI-negative patients and the patients with minor structural changes. The analysis of PET/MRI images in patients with suspected presence of epileptogenic focus of frontal location requires special attention.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> До 30% пациентов с эпилепсией резистентны к терапии. Одной из ведущих причин фармакорезистентной эпилепсии у взрослых и детей является фокальная кортикальная дисплазия. Полная резекция эпилептогенного очага в 60–70% случаев приводит к полному избавлению от эпилептических приступов, однако выявление и определение его границ с помощью магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) может быть трудной задачей. Совмещённая с МРТ позитронная эмиссионная томография (ПЭТ/МРТ) — новый гибридный метод диагностики, который может применяться при отрицательных и неопределённых результатах МРТ, а также при несоответствии данных МРТ и видеоэлектроэнцефалографии (видео-ЭЭГ-мониторинг). <bold>Цель исследования</bold> — изучить диагностические возможности гибридного метода ПЭТ/МРТ головного мозга с радиофармпрепаратом фтордезоксиглюкозой (<sup>18</sup>F-ФДГ) в выявлении фокальной кортикальной дисплазии у пациентов с фокальной фармакорезистентной эпилепсией и проанализировать метаболические паттерны при фокальной кортикальной дисплазии различного типа и локализации. <bold>Методы.</bold> Ретроспективный анализ данных 23 пациентов включал сопоставление данных ПЭТ/МРТ головного мозга с <sup>18</sup>F-ФДГ, МРТ и видео-ЭЭГ-мониторинга, а также анализ паттернов гипометаболизма <sup>18</sup>F-ФДГ при фокальных кортикальных дисплазиях различных типов и локализаций. <bold>Результаты.</bold> Фокальная кортикальная дисплазия выявлена у 13 (56,5%) пациентов с помощью МРТ, у 22 (95,6%) — с помощью ПЭТ/МРТ с <sup>18</sup>F-ФДГ; 6 (26,1%) были МР-негативными, в 3 (13%) случаях признаки фокальной кортикальной дисплазии обнаружены при ретроспективном прицельном анализе изображений МРТ в зоне гипометаболизма <sup>18</sup>F-ФДГ. Небольшой фокальный участок гипометаболизма <sup>18</sup>F-ФДГ в нашем исследовании наблюдался исключительно при локализации эпилептогенного очага в лобной доле, что составило 75% случаев лобного варианта фокальной кортикальной дисплазии. Во всех случаях височной локализации зона распространялась на две и более извилин. На момент публикации статьи отсутствие приступов по классификации J. Engel (Engel I) в послеоперационный период наблюдалось у 11 (84,6%) из 13 прооперированных пациентов, исход класса Engel II зарегистрирован у 1 (4,3%) пациента. <bold>Заключение.</bold> ПЭТ/МРТ головного мозга с <sup>18</sup>F-ФДГ у пациентов с фокальной фармакорезистентной эпилепсией повышает выявление случаев фокальной кортикальной дисплазии на 39% по сравнению с МРТ, в том числе у МР-негативных пациентов и пациентов с небольшими структурными изменениями. Анализ изображений ПЭТ/МРТ у пациентов с подозрением на наличие эпилептогенного очага лобной локализации требует особого внимания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>drug-resistant epilepsy</kwd><kwd>focal cortical dysplasia</kwd><kwd>FCD</kwd><kwd>combined positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>PET/MRI</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармакорезистентная эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>фокальная кортикальная дисплазия</kwd><kwd>ФКД</kwd><kwd>совмещённая позитронная эмиссионная томография и магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>ПЭТ/МРТ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное медико-биологическое агентство России</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>388-00084-22-00</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was conducted as part of the research project “Developing indications for the use of hybrid PET/MRI when planning surgery in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy”, code 03,02.VY.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке ФМБА России в рамках НИР «Разработка показаний для применения гибридного метода ПЭТ-МРТ при планировании хирургического лечения у пациентов с эпилепсией», шифр 03.02.VY.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Schefer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, et al. 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