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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая практика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-3095</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">699051</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinpract699051</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JOHUAA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of physical activity in the complex treatment of breast cancer: modern approaches and prospects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль физической активности в комплексном лечении рака молочной железы: современные подходы и перспективы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-8764</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4959-7018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>Ksenia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинова</surname><given-names>Ксения Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>k.a.blinova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7659-8008</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2549-1182</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishina</surname><given-names>Irina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишина</surname><given-names>Ирина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>mishina-irina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-5525</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4049-4581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Galina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Галина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>reabilivanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4218-5236</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7599-6115</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maleeva</surname><given-names>Alexandra M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малеева</surname><given-names>Александра Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>petrovaal.00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-0619</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3074-5001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezina</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березина</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elena_berezina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9067-1317</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7245-1066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopysheva</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копышева</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>enk9@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-2421</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3786-6352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudukhin</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудухин</surname><given-names>Антон Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>esqulap72@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ivanovo State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ивановский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-19"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/699051">https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/699051</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Therefore, the development of effective strategies for the treatment and rehabilitation of breast cancer is of paramount importance. In recent decades, evidence has accumulated on the positive effect of physical activity in reducing the risk of breast cancer development and progression. Despite the accumulated data on the positive effects of physical activity on reducing the risk of developing breast cancer, the systematization of modern understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating this effect in the context of an already diagnosed disease requires further analysis, which determines the relevance of this review. A systematic search of scientific publications was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and eLibrary.ru over the past 10 years. A total of 51 sources were selected, including 14 (28%) systematic reviews, 5 (10%) systematic reviews with meta-analysis, 1 (2%) clinical practice guideline (ASCO), as well as 18 randomized clinical trials (35%) and 13 (25%) literature reviews. Selection criteria included publications in Russian or English, devoted to studying the effect of physical exercise on the tumor microenvironment, antitumor immunity, and the tumor vascular network in breast cancer. It was established that physical exercise exerts a multifaceted effect on breast cancer progression, comprehensively regulating immune function, suppressing the growth of primary breast tumors, normalizing the vascular network, and improving the metabolic state of the tumor. Physical activity contributes to a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancement of antitumor immunity, normalization of the tumor vascular network, and increased effectiveness of chemotherapy. Physical activity represents a valuable component of a comprehensive approach to breast cancer treatment, exerting a positive influence on clinical outcomes and survival. Further research is needed to determine the optimal dose and regimens of physical exercise, as well as for the personalization of rehabilitation approaches. Coordination of efforts by a multidisciplinary team is crucial for optimizing the results of breast cancer treatment using physical exercise.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рак молочной железы (РМЖ) во всём мире остаётся одной из ведущих причин заболеваемости и смертности среди женщин, в связи с чем разработка эффективных стратегий лечения и реабилитации РМЖ имеет первостепенное значение. В последние десятилетия накапливаются данные о положительном влиянии физической активности на снижение риска развития и прогрессирования РМЖ. Систематизация современных представлений о молекулярных и клеточных механизмах, опосредующих это влияние при диагностированном заболевании, требует дополнительного анализа. С этой целью выполнен систематический поиск научных публикаций в электронных базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar и eLibrary.ru за последние 10 лет. Всего отобран 51 источник, из них 14 (28%) систематических обзоров, 5 (10%) систематических обзоров с метаанализом, 1 (2%) клинические рекомендации (ASCO), 18 (35%) рандомизированных клинических исследований и 13 (25%) обзоров литературы. Критериями отбора были публикации на русском или английском языках, посвящённые изучению влияния физических нагрузок на опухолевое микроокружение, противоопухолевый иммунитет и сосудистую сеть опухоли при РМЖ. Установлено, что физические упражнения комплексно регулируют иммунную функцию, подавляя рост первичных опухолей молочной железы, нормализуя сосудистую сеть и метаболическое состояние опухоли. Физическая активность способствует снижению уровня провоспалительных цитокинов, улучшению противоопухолевого иммунитета, нормализации сосудистой сети опухоли и повышению эффективности химиотерапии. Физические тренировки представляют собой ценный компонент комплексного подхода к лечению РМЖ, оказывая положительное влияние на клинические исходы и выживаемость. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для определения оптимальных режимов физических упражнений, а также персонализации реабилитационных подходов. Для оптимизации результатов лечения РМЖ с использованием физических упражнений важна координация усилий мультидисциплинарной команды.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>oncorehabilitation</kwd><kwd>physical activity</kwd><kwd>physical exercise</kwd><kwd>antitumor immunity</kwd><kwd>tumor microenvironment</kwd><kwd>angiogenesis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>онкореабилитация</kwd><kwd>физическая активность</kwd><kwd>физические нагрузки</kwd><kwd>противоопухолевый иммунитет</kwd><kwd>микроокружение опухоли</kwd><kwd>ангиогенез</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang Y, Ji Y, Liu S, et al. Global burden of female breast cancer: new estimates in 2022, temporal trend and future projections up to 2050 based on the latest release from GLOBOCAN. 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