<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая практика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-3095</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">699664</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinpract699664</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JPQXLS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The concept of zero mortality in pancreaticoduodenectomy: analysis of key success factors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Концепция нулевой летальности при панкреатодуоденальной резекции: анализ ключевых факторов успеха</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-1390</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7794-4210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorov</surname><given-names>Vasiliy I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоров</surname><given-names>Василий Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>drvasiliy21@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2761-3228</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5324-2057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rachmatullin</surname><given-names>Bulat F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахматуллин</surname><given-names>Булат Фанисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rachmatullin95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6470-4713</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4445-9850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pasheev</surname><given-names>Artur V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашеев</surname><given-names>Артур Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>reanimart1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan named after Professor M.Z. Sigal</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер Министерства здравоохранения Республики Татарстан имени профессора М.З. Сигала</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-06-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-26"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-08"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/699664">https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/699664</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Over the past 15–20 years, pancreatic surgery centers worldwide have achieved fundamentally low in-hospital mortality rates of less than 1–3%. Several published data report near-zero mortality in key single-center series. These achievements allow us to rethink the concept of «zero mortality,» transforming it from a statistical abstraction into a tangible clinical goal, achieving the systematic development of modern surgical, anesthesiological, and organizational protocols. The concept of «zero mortality» in pancreaticoduodenectomy is achieved through the systematic organization of organizational, surgical, and functional protocols. The paradox of high frequency (up to 50%) with low mortality makes it less effective at preventing death after its onset (low failure-to-rescue rate, FTR). A key determinant of success is the centralization of operations in high-volume centers (&gt;20 resections/year), which ensures a predictable flow of FTRs. Standardization of surgical technique, including the selection of a reproducible anastomosis method, minimization of blood loss, and a balanced assessment of resectability, reduces the risk of serious intraoperative complications. Implementation of early outcome algorithms based on a dynamic diptych of clinical and laboratory markers, with a focus on minimally invasive treatment methods (interventional radiology), improves outcomes. Rigorous multidisciplinary patient selection and growth acceleration protocols, effective even in high-risk patients, are essential elements. Systematic audit of mortality causes allows for the identification and prevention of preventive factors. Achieving the lowest possible mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy is a feasible clinical goal. It is based on individual skill and a centralized, standardized, and multidisciplinary care system focused on minimizing FTR through early diagnosis and aggressive treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>За последние 15–20 лет ведущие мировые центры панкреатической хирургии стали демонстрировать принципиально низкие показатели госпитальной летальности на уровне менее 1–3%. В ряде публикаций приводятся данные о практически нулевой летальности в крупных одноцентровых сериях. Эти достижения позволили переосмыслить концепцию нулевой летальности, трансформировав её из статистической абстракции в реальную клиническую цель, достижимую путём системного внедрения современных хирургических, анестезиологических и организационных протоколов. Концепция нулевой летальности при панкреатодуоденальной резекции достижима за счёт системного внедрения комплекса организационных, хирургических и клинических протоколов. Парадокс высокой частоты осложнений (до 50%) при низкой летальности объясняется не столько их предотвращением, сколько эффективным предотвращением смерти после развития осложнения (низкий показатель failure to rescue, FTR). Ключевым детерминантом успеха является централизация операций в высокообъёмных центрах (&gt;20 резекций/год), что достоверно снижает частоту FTR. Стандартизация хирургической техники, включая выбор воспроизводимого метода анастомоза, минимизацию кровопотери и взвешенную оценку резектабельности, снижает риск критических интраоперационных осложнений. Внедрение алгоритмов раннего выявления осложнений на основе динамического мониторинга клинико-лабораторных маркеров с приоритетом минимально инвазивных методов лечения (интервенционная радиология) существенно улучшает исходы. Обязательными элементами являются строгий мультидисциплинарный отбор пациентов и протоколы ускоренной реабилитации, эффективные даже у пациентов высокого риска. Систематический аудит причин летальности позволяет выявлять и устранять предотвратимые факторы. Достижение предельно низкой летальности после панкреатодуоденальной резекции представляет собой реализуемую клиническую цель. Её основой является не индивидуальное мастерство, а централизованная, стандартизированная и многопрофильная система оказания помощи, нацеленная на максимальное снижение показателя FTR через раннюю диагностику и агрессивное лечение осложнений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pancreaticoduodenectomy</kwd><kwd>zero mortality</kwd><kwd>failure to rescue</kwd><kwd>high-volume surgical center</kwd><kwd>multidisciplinary approach</kwd><kwd>postoperative complications</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>панкреатодуоденальная резекция</kwd><kwd>нулевая летальность</kwd><kwd>failure to rescue</kwd><kwd>высокообъёмный хирургический центр</kwd><kwd>мультидисциплинарный подход</kwd><kwd>послеоперационные осложнения</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Академия наук Республики Татарстан</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out at the expense of a grant provided by the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan to educational organizations of higher education, scientific and other organizations to support plans for the development of human resources in terms of stimulating their scientific and teaching staff to defend doctoral dissertations and perform research.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счёт гранта, предоставленного Академией наук Республики Татарстан образовательным организациям высшего образования, научным и иным организациям на поддержку планов развития кадрового потенциала в части стимулирования их научных и научно-педагогических работников к защите докторских диссертаций и выполнению научно-исследовательских работ.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kairaluoma MI, Ståhlberg M, Kiviniemi H, Haukipuro K. Results of pancreatoduodenectomy for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Hepatogastroenterology. 1989;36(6):412–418.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bassi C, Marchegiani G, Giuliani T, et al. Pancreatoduodenectomy at the verona pancreas institute: the evolution of indications, surgical techniques, and outcomes: a retrospective analysis of 3000 consecutive cases. Ann Surg. 2022;276(6):1029–1038. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004753 EDN: ABNRMJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Xu H, Bretthauer M, Fang F, et al. Dramatic improvements in outcome following pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic and periampullary cancers. Br J Cancer. 2024;131(4):747–754. doi: 10.1038/s41416-024-02757-w EDN: MFJNUY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Oguro S, Yoshimoto J, Imamura H, et al. Three hundred and sixty-eight consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies with zero mortality. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2017;24(4):226–234. doi: 10.1002/jhbp.433</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Machado MC, Machado MA. Systematic use of isolated pancreatic anastomosis after pancreatoduodenectomy: five years of experience with zero mortality. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2016;42(10):1584–1590. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.05.023</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Liotiri D, Diamantis A, Paraskeva I, et al. The role of enhanced recovery after surgery in pancreaticoduodenectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Surg Res. 2024;65(1):95–115. doi: 10.1159/000539785 EDN: FQQRFI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Panni RZ, Panni UY, Liu J, et al. Re-defining a high-volume center for pancreaticoduodenectomy. HPB (Oxford). 2021;23(5):733–738. doi: 10.1016/j.hpb.2020.09.009 EDN: JTDARM</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Steen MW, van Rijssen LB, Festen S, et al. Impact of time interval between multidisciplinary team meeting and intended pancreatoduodenectomy on oncological outcomes. BJS Open. 2020;4(5):884–892. doi: 10.1002/bjs5.50319 EDN: AIGDCS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Kapoor VK. Gastrointestinal emergencies. 3rd ed. Indian J Med Res. 2017;146(4):551–552. doi: 10.4103/0971-5916.224938</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Sharon CE, Thaler AS, Straker RJ, et al. Fourteen years of pancreatic surgery for malignancy among ACS-NSQIP centers: trends in major morbidity and mortality. Surgery. 2022;172(2):708–714. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.03.030 EDN: BALZJQ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Lillemoe KD, Yeo CJ, Cameron JL. Pancreatic cancer: state-of-the-art care. CA Cancer J Clin. 2000;50(4):241–268. doi: 10.3322/canjclin.50.4.241</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Uramatsu M, Fujisawa Y, Barach P, et al. Failure to rescue after surgery for pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of risk factors and safety strategies. Cancers (Basel). 2025;17(19):3259. doi: 10.3390/cancers17193259 EDN: ZDANOI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Gleeson EM, Pitt HA, Mackay TM, et al. Failure to rescue after pancreatoduodenectomy: a transatlantic analysis. Ann Surg. 2021;274(3):459–466. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005000 EDN: SMBKIS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Pancreas Group.org Collaborative. Pancreatic surgery outcomes: multicentre prospective snapshot study in 67 countries. Br J Surg. 2024;111(1):znad330. doi: 10.1093/bjs/znad330 EDN: WCCVZT</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Stoop TF, Javed AA, Oba A, et al. Pancreatic cancer. Lancet. 2025;405(10485):1182–1202. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)00261-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Vawter K, Kuhn S, Pitt H, et al. Complications and failure-to-rescue after pancreatectomy and hospital participation in the targeted American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program registry. Surgery. 2023;174(5):1235–1240. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.07.023 EDN: QRLPNB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Kinny-Köster B, Halm D, Tran D, et al. Who do we fail to rescue after pancreatoduodenectomy? Outcomes among &gt;4000 procedures expose windows of opportunity. Ann Surg. 2026;283(2):277–285. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000006429 EDN: STVWCX</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Patel A, Morocho B, Ritter J, et al. Preoperative chemotherapy does not impact failure to rescue in patients undergoing pancreatectomy. J Surg Res. 2024;302:865–875. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.07.060 EDN: MEMAQQ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Giuliani T, Marchegiani G, Di Gioia A, et al. Patterns of mortality after pancreatoduodenectomy: a root cause, day-to-day analysis. Surgery. 2022;172(1):329–335. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.01.005 EDN: QGIGID</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Henry AC, Smits FJ, Daamen LA, et al. Root-cause analysis of mortality after pancreatic resection in a nationwide cohort. HPB (Oxford). 2025;27(4):461–469. doi: 10.1016/j.hpb.2024.11.014 EDN: AOQJBW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Johnson BA, Moturu A, Eagle S, et al. Effect of centralized surgical care on performance outcomes across multi-hospital systems: a systematic review. Ann Surg. 2026;283(1):1–9. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000006878 EDN: SEBVUC</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Krautz C, Nimptsch U, Weber GF, et al. Effect of hospital volume on in-hospital morbidity and mortality following pancreatic surgery in Germany. Ann Surg. 2018;267(3):411–417. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002248</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>El Amrani M, Clement G, Lenne X, et al. Failure-to-rescue in patients undergoing pancreatectomy: is hospital volume a standard for quality improvement programs? Nationwide analysis of 12,333 patients. Ann Surg. 2018;268(5):799–807. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002945</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Rompen IF, Menso JE, Ingwersen E, et al. Impact of merging two high-volume centers on patient outcome: 1000 consecutive pancreatoduodenectomies. Ann Surg. 2025 Sep 30. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000006953 EDN: RJZWRW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>El Amrani M, Lenne X, Clément G, et al. Referring patients to expert centers after pancreatectomy is too late to improve outcome. Inter-hospital transfer analysis in nationwide study of 19,938 patients. Ann Surg. 2020;272(5):723–730. doi: 10.1097/SLA.000000000000434</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Котельников А.Г., Патютко Ю.И., Подлужный Д.В., и др. Панкреатодигестивный анастомоз — ключ к благоприятному исходу панкреатодуоденальной резекции // Анналы хирургической гепатологии. 2022. Т. 27, № 3. С. 92–99. [Kotelnikov AG, Patyutko YuI, Podluzhny DV, et al. Рancreatodigestive anastomosis: the key to a favorable outcome of pancreaticoduodenal resection. Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii. 2022;27(3):92–99]. doi: 10.16931/1995-5464.2022-3-92-99 EDN: OMWHQF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Wu YH, Oba A, Lin R, et al. Selecting surgical candidates with locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a review for modern pancreatology. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2021;12(5):2475–2483. doi: 10.21037/jgo-21-119 EDN: BUHLTM</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Theijse RT, Stoop TF, Leenart PD, et al. Surgery for locally advanced pancreatic cancer following induction chemotherapy: a single-center experience. Ann Surg Oncol. 2024;31(9):6180–6192. doi: 10.1245/s10434-024-15591-4 EDN: PQIRMM</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Smits FJ, Henry AC, Besselink MG, et al. Algorithm-based care versus usual care for the early recognition and management of complications after pancreatic resection in the Netherlands: an open-label, nationwide, stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2022;399(10338):1867–1875. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00182-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Hartwig W, Werner J, Jäger D, et al. Improvement of surgical results for pancreatic cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(11):e476–e485. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70172-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Ayabe RI, Prakash LR, Bruno ML, et al. Differential gains in surgical outcomes for high-risk vs low-risk pancreaticoduodenectomy with successive refinements of risk-stratified care pathways. J Am Coll Surg. 2023;237(1):4–12. doi: 10.1097/XCS.0000000000000652 EDN: DRGULT</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Sun YM, Wang Y, Mao YX, Wang W. The safety and feasibility of enhanced recovery after surgery in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy: an updated meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:7401276. doi: 10.1155/2020/7401276 EDN: PQHKEJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Tol JA, Busch OR, van Delden OM, et al. Shifting role of operative and nonoperative interventions in managing complications after pancreatoduodenectomy: what is the preferred intervention? Surgery. 2014;156(3):622–631. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.04.026</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Park W, Chawla A, O’Reilly EM. Pancreatic cancer: a review. JAMA. 2021;326(9):851–862. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.13027 EDN: FCPOGU. Erratum in: JAMA. 2021;326(20):2081. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.19984</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Khalid A, Shah M, Fazal AA, et al. Standard-adherent surgery and guideline-based therapy in pancreatic cancer: a multicenter analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2025;32(9):6519–6530. doi: 10.1245/s10434-025-17467-7 EDN: RHPQTO</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Giuliani T, Perri G, Kang R, et al. Current perioperative care in pancreatoduodenectomy: a step-by-step surgical roadmap from first visit to discharge. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(9):2499. doi: 10.3390/cancers15092499 EDN: XOHMFC</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Kuemmerli C, Tschuor C, Kasai M, et al. Impact of enhanced recovery protocols after pancreatoduodenectomy: meta-analysis. Br J Surg. 2022;109(3):256–266. doi: 10.1093/bjs/znab436 EDN: VAUANY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Noba L, Rodgers S, Doi L, et al. Costs and clinical benefits of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in pancreaticoduodenectomy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2023;149(9):6639–6660. doi: 10.1007/s00432-022-04508-x EDN: NRDMDG</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Wang XY, Cai JP, Huang CS, et al. Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery protocol on pancreaticoduodenectomy: a meta-analysis of non-randomized and randomized controlled trials. HPB (Oxford). 2020;22(10):1373–1383. doi: 10.1016/j.hpb.2020.07.001 EDN: YLTNUJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Ellwanger MP, Ellwanger MP, Jardine MB, et al. Effectiveness of enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in pancreatic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Gastrointest Surg. 2025;29(3):101939. doi: 10.1016/j.gassur.2024.101939 EDN: BTFNBV</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Lof S, Benedetti Cacciaguerra A, Aljarrah R, et al. Implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery for pancreatoduodenectomy increases the proportion of patients achieving textbook outcome: a retrospective cohort study. Pancreatology. 2020;20(5):976–983. doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.05.018 EDN: NDCDOE</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Kuemmerli C, Balzano G, Bouwense SA, et al. Are enhanced recovery protocols after pancreatoduodenectomy still efficient when applied in elderly patients? A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2024;31(5):308–317. doi: 10.1002/jhbp.1417 EDN: JBDKBL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Raza SS, Nutu OA, Powell-Brett S, et al. Impact of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol on short-term outcomes in elderly patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. HPB (Oxford). 2022;24(10):1720–1728. doi: 10.1016/j.hpb.2022.05.002 EDN: EXEQMA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Scarsi S, Martin D, Halkic N, et al. Enhanced recovery in elderly patients undergoing pancreatic resection: a retrospective monocentric study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(23):e29494. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029494 EDN: OKTITO</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Xiong J, Szatmary P, Huang W, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery program in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(18):e3497. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003497</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Roulin D, Melloul E, Wellg BE, et al. Feasibility of an enhanced recovery protocol for elective pancreatoduodenectomy: a multicenter international cohort study. World J Surg. 2020;44(8):2761–2769. doi: 10.1007/s00268-020-05499-x EDN: JWJUVV</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Im K, O’Connor VV. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) after pancreatectomy: interventions and outcomes at an ERAS qualified pancreatectomy center. Am Surg. 2025;91(10):1786–1791. doi: 10.1177/00031348251359117 EDN: LICPNW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Beugniez C, Sauvanet A, Sulpice L, et al. Root-cause analysis of mortality after pancreatic resection (CARE Study): a multicenter cohort study. Ann Surg. 2021;274(5):789–796. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005118 EDN: QAFWMD</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Pastrana Del Valle J, Mahvi DA, Fairweather M, et al. The improvement in post-operative mortality following pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2006 and 2016 is associated with an improvement in the ability to rescue patients after major morbidity, not in the rate of major morbidity. HPB (Oxford). 2021;23(3):434–443. doi: 10.1016/j.hpb.2020.07.013 EDN: OQTPBV</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Stevens CL, Reid JL, Babidge WJ, et al. Peer review of mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy in Australia. HPB (Oxford). 2019;21(11):1470–1477. doi: 10.1016/j.hpb.2019.03.356</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
