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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Clinical Practice</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая практика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-3095</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8627</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">705153</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/clinpract705153</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">OPYDEV</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические случаи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Central pontine myelinolysis: a preventable complication of hyponatremia correction</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Центральный понтинный миелинолиз — осложнение коррекции гипонатриемии, которого можно избежать</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9193-0534</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7491-0434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirshova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ширшова</surname><given-names>Елена Вениаминовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>shirshova.ev@fnkc-fmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6921-0145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharchuk</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарчук</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zacharcuk.iv@fnkc-fmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5550-7875</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2889-2826</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kontarova</surname><given-names>Elena O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Контарова</surname><given-names>Елена Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>kontarova@mai.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0914-1350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lugovoy</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луговой</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a-lugovoy@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2936-7029</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2616-6456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkap</surname><given-names>Matthew O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шкап</surname><given-names>Матвей Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>matshk63@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-4245</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3968-2971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baklaushev</surname><given-names>Vladimir P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баклаушев</surname><given-names>Владимир Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, профессор РАН</p></bio><email>baklaushev@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pulmonology Scientific Research Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-06-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>168</fpage><lpage>178</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-13"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-01"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/705153">https://clinpractice.ru/clinpractice/article/view/705153</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Osmotic demyelination syndrome is an acutely developing, localized, symmetrical, non-inflammatory demyelination in the middle portion of the basis pontis (central pontine myelinolysis, CPM) or in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres (extrapontine myelinolysis). Demyelination occurs in the most compactly arranged white matter as a result of cellular edema caused by an abrupt reversal of the osmotic gradient, the most common cause of which is rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia against a background of intracellular osmolyte depletion. The disease may also develop in association with other electrolyte and metabolic disturbances, including hypernatremia, hyper- or hypochloremia, hypokalemia, nutritional deficiency, intoxication, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, and may be a complication of diuretic or psychoactive drug use, hepatic and renal failure, and other conditions. Before the neuroimaging era, the disease was considered rare and was detected only at autopsy; however, after the introduction of MRI, it became evident that this syndrome is a relatively common complication in intensive care patients and may account for 0.23–2.5% of all cases of water–electrolyte disturbances, including asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic forms. <bold>CLINICAL CASE DESCRIPTION:</bold> We present a clinical case of CPM in a young female patient born in 1987 who, after an episode of severe nutritional disturbances leading to hyponatremia and its subsequent correction, developed pseudobulbar syndrome, tetraparesis, and ataxia. The diagnosis was confirmed by reconstruction of blood sodium dynamics from the discharge summary, which demonstrated excessively rapid correction of hyponatremia (initial hyponatremia 101.8 mmol/L; after 24 hours: 121 mmol/L; after 48 hours: 135.5 mmol/L), as well as by brain MRI findings showing a characteristic trident-shaped lesion in the central pons. Following treatment and rehabilitation, a significant regression of the neurological deficit was achieved, with complete functional recovery. <bold>CONCLUSION:</bold><bold> </bold>This case demonstrates the importance for intensive care physicians and related specialists of recognizing the high risk of osmotic demyelination during rapid correction of water–electrolyte disturbances and of implementing timely prevention of this severe complication in accordance with current clinical guidelines.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Осмотический демиелинизирующий синдром — остро развивающаяся, ограниченная симметричная невоспалительная демиелинизация в области средней части основания моста мозга (центральный понтинный миелинолиз) или в белом веществе больших полушарий (экстрапонтинный миелинолиз). Демиелинизация возникает в области наиболее компактного расположения белого вещества в результате клеточного отёка, вызванного резким изменением направления осмотического градиента, самая частая причина которого — быстрая коррекция хронической гипонатриемии на фоне дефицита внутриклеточных осмолитов. Заболевание может развиваться и при других электролитных и метаболических нарушениях, включая гипернатриемию, гипер- или гипохлоремию, гипокалиемию, алиментарную недостаточность, интоксикацию, гипергликемию, гипертриглицеридемию; может быть осложнением приёма мочегонных или психоактивных препаратов, печёночной и почечной недостаточности и пр. До эры нейровизуализации заболевание считалось крайне редким, обнаруживалось только на секции, однако с внедрением магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) оказалось, что данный синдром является не таким уж редким осложнением у реанимационных пациентов: по данным наиболее обширного метаанализа, его частота составляет 0,23% среди всех пациентов с гипонатриемией, но может достигать и гораздо более высоких значений в отдельных когортах, включая бессимптомные или малосимптомные формы. <bold>Описание клинического случая.</bold> Представляем клинический случай центрального понтинного миелинолиза у молодой пациентки (1987 года рождения), у которой после эпизода выраженных алиментарных нарушений, приведших к гипонатриемии с последующей её коррекцией, развились псевдобульбарный синдром, тетрапарез и атаксия. Диагноз подтверждён реконструированной по данным выписного эпикриза динамикой уровня натрия в крови, показавшей чрезмерно быструю коррекцию гипонатриемии (исходная — 101,8 ммоль/л, через 24 часа — 121 ммоль/л, через 48 часов — 135,5 ммоль/л), а также данными МРТ головного мозга, выявившими характерный очаг в виде трезубца в центральных отделах моста. На фоне проведённой терапии и реабилитации достигнут значимый регресс неврологического дефицита с полным функциональным восстановлением. <bold>Заключение.</bold><bold> </bold>Данный случай демонстрирует, как важно врачам-реаниматологам и специалистам смежных областей помнить о высоком риске развития осмотической демиелинизации на фоне быстрой коррекции гипонатриемии и проводить своевременную профилактику этого грозного осложнения в соответствии с действующими клиническими рекомендациями.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osmotic demyelination syndrome</kwd><kwd>central pontine myelinolysis</kwd><kwd>electrolyte disturbances</kwd><kwd>brain MRI</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>осмотический демиелинизирующий синдром</kwd><kwd>центральный понтинный миелинолиз</kwd><kwd>водно-электролитные нарушения</kwd><kwd>МРТ головного мозга</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ФМБА России</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование и публикация статьи выполнены при финансовой поддержке ФМБА России.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Fitts W, Vogel AC, Mateen FJ. 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