Essence of oil pollution of the Caspian seal (Pusa caspica)

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Abstract

Petroleum products in blubber of a dead Caspian seal washed ashore were studied. It has been shown that the content of petroleum products in the adipose tissue of the Caspian seal (Pusa (Phoca) caspica) is relatively high, but less than the maximum values found previously. Petroleum products in seal blubber include n- and iso-alkanes, alkyl-substituted mono-, bi- and tricycloalkanes, alkylbenzenes, naphthene- and dinaphthenebenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, and small quantities of acenaphthenes, fluorenes, phenanthrenes, naphthenophenanthrenes, fluoranthenes/pyrenes, and benzothiophenes. Aromatic compounds amount to 50% of all petroleum products, PAHs (including naphthalenes) – to 10%. The majority of aromatic compounds are represented by molecules with 3–12 C atoms in alkyl substituents, while the content of unsubstituted compounds (with the exception of phenanthrene) is relatively small. The distribution of n-alkanes with a high contribution of C17, as well as the prevalence of even n-alkanes C16–C18 and C22–C24, indicates their origin from various biogenic sources. An estimate of the total content of petroleum products in Caspian seal blubber gives about 40% of all extracted compounds.

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E. S. Brodsky

Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: efbr@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 33, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119071

A. A. Shelepchikov

Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality

Email: efbr@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 33, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119071; 5, Zvenigorodskoe Hwy, Moscow, 123022

A. D. Kudryavtseva

Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: efbr@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 33, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119071

M. A. Solovyova

Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: efbr@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 33, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119071

E. Ya. Mir-Kadyrova

Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: efbr@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 33, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119071

F. V. Klimov

Kazakhstan Agency of Applied Ecology

Email: efbr@mail.ru
Kazakhstan, 157, Jibek Joly Ave., Almaty, 050000

V. V. Rozhnov

Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: rozhnov-v-2015@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, 33, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119071

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2. Fig. 1. Mass chromatogram by PIT of seal oil extract.

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3. Fig. 2. Distribution of n-alkanes according to the number of C atoms in the seal oil extract molecule.

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4. Fig. 3. Distribution of homologues of aromatic compounds in seal oil extract: a - alkylbenzenes; b - naphthenenbenzenes; c - dynaphthenbenzenes; d - naphthalenes; e - biphenyls, acenaphthenes; f - fluorenes; g - phenanthrenes; h - dibenzothiophenes.

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