Comparative studies of the toxicity of new synthetic detergents based on anionic and nonionic surface active substance

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Abstract

Introduction. Among the complex of environmental factors that are subject to toxicological and hygienic studies, household chemicals deserve great attention due to their mass production, a variety of components and formulations, as well as possible direct effects on the human body.

The purpose of the work is to conduct comparative studies on the study of toxicometric parameters of new synthetic detergents.

Material and methods. In accordance with the planned purpose of the study in the biological testing laboratory of the “Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman”, experiments were conducted to establish the parameters of acute oral toxicity, to determine the presence of a possible irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, the single and multiple (10 applications) skin-resorptive effect of the working solution was studied, the sensitizing properties of the compounds were investigated. The research was carried out in accordance with the methodological guidelines: MG 4230–86, MG 2102–79, MG 2196–80, MG 1.1.578–96. At the end of the study, rats were euthanized using CO2 at the AE0904 animal euthanasia unit. The results of the conducted studies were processed by statistically generally accepted methods using the Student’s t-criteria in the Microsoft Excel.

Results. When studying the acute oral toxicity of samples of synthetic detergents, it was found that the average lethal dose LD50 (rats) is > 5000 mg/kg of body weight. When applied once to the skin (rats and rabbits) and to the mucous membranes of the eye (guinea pigs and rabbits), the samples of detergents do not cause irritation, do not have a skin-resorptive (rats) and allergenic effect (guinea pigs).

Limitations related to the analysis of the results of experimental data on toxicometric parameters (determination of LD50, irritant effect on the skin and mucous membrane of the eye, skin-resorptive and allergic effects) without taking into account the carcinogenic effect of new synthetic detergents on the body of warm-blooded (rats).

Conclusions. Comparative studies have not revealed any differences in the toxicometric parameters of the studied synthetic detergents. It was found that in all samples, the average lethal dose LD50 orally is >5000 mg/kg of body weight; irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eye — 0 points; clinical signs of intoxication with irritative and resorptive action were not revealed; sensitizing properties of the drugs — 0 points. Synthetic detergents samples according to the studied parameters belong to low-risk compounds.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (a protocol of the meeting No. 4 of 17.05.2022).

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Accepted: December 14, 2023 / Revised: May 8, 2024 / Received: June 10, 2024 / Published: August 30, 2024

About the authors

Tatiana M. Epishina

Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Author for correspondence.
Email: epishina.tm@fncg.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0331-0701

Senior Researcher at the Department of Toxicology of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 141014, Mytishchi, Russian Federation

e-mail: epishina.tm@fncg.ru

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