Volgograd Journal of Medical Research

Today, there is a need for detailed study of muscular activity features in patients with small unilateral terminal dental defects. Modern prosthetic methods require assessment of their effectiveness in terms of restoring symmetric functioning of the masticatory apparatus. Aim of the study. To analyze electromyographic indices in patients with small unilateral terminal defects using various prosthesis designs: small saddle-shaped and clasp-fixed partial dentures, as well as traditional removable laminar dentures. Materials and methods. The study includes a prospective electromyographic examination of 77 patients divided into the main group (n = 40) and the control group (n = 37) with statistical processing. Surface electromyographic examination of the masticatory and temporal muscles on both sides was conducted at stages: before treatment, after 1 month, and 6 months after prosthetics using the “Kolibri” apparatus (Neurotech). Results and discussion. Statistically significant differences in muscle electromyography were obtained when using different prosthesis designs. The greatest changes were observed in groups with original prostheses, indicating more physiological masticatory load transmission. The increase in biopotential indices of the masticatory and temporal muscles ranged from 18.2 to 28.4 % in the main group compared to the control group. Conclusion. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of original prosthesis designs with clasp fixation, providing more physiological functioning of the masticatory muscles. The obtained results emphasize the importance of an individual approach to selecting the prosthetic method, taking into account the patient’s physiological characteristics and prosthesis design.

Objective: to assess the microbial contamination of the air environment (MCAE) in the premises of medical organizations and the efficiency of the method for its reduction. Research methods. A device for air conditioning o a closed room has been developed, which prevents the ingress of bacteria into the air and has a bactericidal effect. A solution of lithium chloride was used as the active substance. The content of lithium chloride with the device in operation was determined. The influence of bischofite as an active substance on the microbial contamination of the air was studied. The microbial contamination of the air was assessed before and after the operation of the air conditioner. Research results. A decrease in the microbial contamination of the air was revealed after the operation of the air conditioning device when using both lithium chloride and bischofite as the active substance. At the same time, no hazardous concentrations of substances for humans were detected in the air of the premises. Conclusion. The air conditioning device has shown high efficiency when operating in medical premises. At the same time, its design prevents the active substance from entering the environment, ensuring a reliable reduction in microbial contamination.

The effectiveness of a district general practitioner (DGP) largely depends on their value orientations and their attachment to the workplace. New opportunities for diagnosing personal traits at the stage of selection and recruitment of medical personnel demonstrate their usefulness and potential for effective application. The number of publications confirming the influence of an employee’s personality traits on the selection and recruitment process, as well as on the quality of their work – including among district general practitioners – is increasing. The aim of this study is to examine the most important value orientations for DGPs as an element of the medical job profile, using the example of district general practitioners at the State Healthcare Institution "Polyclinic No. 2" in Volgograd. Materials and Methods. Value orientations in the careers of district general practitioners at the State Healthcare Institution "Polyclinic No. 2" were studied within the framework of medical job profiling. Edgar Schein’s Career Anchors methodology was used for the study. A survey was conducted involving 35 specialists from the medical organization. Results and Discussion. The dominant career anchors among the group of doctors were "service" and "lifestyle integration". The main values within the "service" anchor included "working with people", "serving humanity", "helping people", and "the desire to make the world a better place", which define commitment to the profession, love and patience towards patients, as well as the specifics of the therapeutic and diagnostic process in the role of a district general practitioner. Conclusion. The intensive and demanding work of a district general practitioner requires the development of appropriate professional and personal skills during the adaptation process. The success of this process is largely possible due to the career anchors of "service", "lifestyle integration", "professional competence", and "autonomy" at the early stages of professional development of young specialists.

The variability of the parameters of the maxillofacial region in cases of occlusion anomalies in the vertical direction requires improved diagnostic methods. Goal. To determine the features of the angular parameters of the gnatic part of the face in different periods of ontogenesis, taking into account the variability of the mandibular angle. Materials and methods. An analysis of 75 telerentgenograms was carried out, of which 59 cases showed physiological occlusion and 16 telerentgenograms with anomalies of occlusion in the vertical direction. The angle of the gnathic region of the face was estimated, formed by the intersection of the line connecting the point of the anterior nasal spine with the upper point of the articular head SNA-Cond and the line extending from the articular point to the tip of the root of the inferior medial incisor Cond-Api. The angle of the lower jaw and its component parts were measured. The statistical analysis determined the average values and the error M ± m. Results and discussion. As a result of the study of telerentgenograms of young people with physiological bite, the angle of the gnatic part of the face SNA-Cond-Api averaged (29.96 ± 0.84)° for the group. The magnitude of the main angle of the gnatic part of the face SNA-Cond-Api, both in the milk and in the changeable bite, was normally (30.02 ± 1.25)°. This indicator served as a guideline for the diagnosis of occlusion anomalies in the vertical direction, while the magnitude of the main angle differed from the optimal values up or down. During the analysis of telerentgenograms in various periods of ontogenesis, taking into account the parameters of the mandibular angle, the main parameters of the gnathic region of the face, characterizing its optimal angular parameters, were determined. Conclusion. The relative stability of the magnitude of the main angle of the gnathic part of the face SNA-Cond-Api in the range from 28 to 32° is characteristic of physiological occlusion and for dental-alveolar forms of occlusion anomalies. A change in the angle parameters to a lesser or greater side is characteristic of occlusion anomalies in the vertical direction, which can be used for the differential diagnosis of vertical anomalies of gnathicand dentoalveolar forms of pathology. 

Under the influence of chronic stress, including social stress, a person can develop borderline states and mental illnesses. The mechanisms and morphological substrate underlying them are studied using animal modeling, including the paradigm of chronic social defeat stress. However, there are poorly developed aspects and inconsistencies in the literature that require clarification. Objective. To study morphological changes in the hippocampus and amygdala during chronic social defeat stress modeling in mice in comparison with control animals. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in the paradigm of "chronic social defeat stress" using the previously described technique on linear mice (CBA/lac). Upon completion of the experiment, brain micropreparations stained according to Nissl were studied with visual and morphometric assessment. Results. The obtained results confirm that the substructures of the hippocampus and amygdala participate in the body's reactions to chronic social stress, which is manifested in changes in the morphometric characteristics of neurons. In the CA1 field of the hippocampus, an increase in the density of neurons is observed with minor atrophy of the cells themselves, while in the CA3 field, hypertrophy of neurons is revealed, mainly due to an increase in the volume of the cytoplasm, with a decrease in the folding of the cellular and nuclear membranes against the background of a slight average decrease in the density of neurons. In the lateral, basolateral and basomedial nuclei of the amygdala, atrophic changes in neurons are noted, which are not accompanied by significant changes in their density. Conclusion. The described morphometric data are consistent with a number of functional and biochemical changes that can cause them. At the same time, there are discrepancies that require further comprehensive study of the issue from the point of view of the morphofunctional approach.

Determining the features of the Spee occlusal curve is an urgent task in prosthetic dentistry and orthodontics. In most cases, the curvature of the occlusal plane is determined on plaster models of the jaws. At the same time, there is very little information about the methods of constructing the Spee occlusal curve on the TRG in the lateral projection. Purpose. To develop a method for constructing the Spee curve on a lateral telerentgenogram and to analyze it in people with physiological and pathological occlusion, as well as to evaluate the change in the occlusal curve in the treatment of patients with the "straight" arc technique. Materials and methods. The study was multifaceted and included the analysis of telerentgenograms and orthopantomograms of young people with physiological variants of the occlusal relationship of antagonists. This study was a retrospective cohort study. The distance between the anterior and posterior occlusal points through which the occlusal line passed was measured. Using PowerPoint programs, it was possible to draw a circle along the line of closure of the teeth through the occlusal points. The radius of the circle was measured. The ratio of the radius of the circle to the length of the sagittal size of the occlusal line was evaluated. The depth of the occlusal curve was measured from the point of the largest bulge to the occlusal line. The statistical analysis included the calculation of averages (M) and the error of representativeness (±m). Results and discussion. In the course of the analysis, a method was developed for constructing the Spee curve on the TRG in a lateral projection based on the proportionality of the sagittal size of the occlusal line, measured between the anterior and posterior occlusal points of the inferior dental arch and the radius of the occlusal circle. The radius exceeded the sagittal distance of the occlusal line by an amount corresponding to the Fibonacci number (1.618) and the golden ratio principle. The performed treatment with the "straight" arc technique contributed to the normalization of occlusal balance and the anterior teeth edge, however, it did not correspond to the optimal occlusal status characterizing physiological occlusion. Conclusion. The data obtained formed the basis for the differential diagnosis of physiological and pathological variants of the Spee curve. It should be noted that the treatment of patients with the "straight" (flat) arc technique, regardless of the severity of the Spee curve before treatment, does not correspond to achieving the optimal occlusal status characterizing physiological occlusion.